Regardless of if every K-pop music fandom is directed at men idols, so it report concentrates mostly to your intimate objectification, lookism, and sexism during the lady idols’ audio additionally the possible influence on fans’ (primarily young female) intercourse thinking

It is very important study that this element of K-pop because it’s so much more difficult regarding the fresh new dim fact out-of gender products inside the Korea: Even if Korea has effectively modernized the economy, they lags far behind most other OECD (Organization to own Economic Co-procedure and Development) nations in terms of intercourse equivalence ( Bethmann & Rudolf, 2016 ; Rudolf & Kang, 2015 ). Presenting new widest gender shell out gap while the poor operating environment for women certainly steeped regions, Korea’s ranks from the Globally Intercourse Gap List was to the level that have Muslim-majority nations better-known for its discrimination against female and you can rated really beneath the stubbornly patriarchal The japanese ( GGGR, 2015 ; PwC, 2017 ; The Economist, 2016 ).

Students were looking at and criticizing the new very sexualized, have a tendency to sexist stuff, as well as the propagation from lookism for the K-pop and you may sharing its potential effect on K-pop music fans. According to this type of discussions and accepting the possible lack of hard facts throughout the discussion, this papers recommends the second hypothesis: If K-pop music in reality encourages sexist axioms and also the objectification of women (since the established in part II), the worldwide achievement have bad effects with the continuing growth of gender equivalence around the globe. ; and you may dos) What’s the relationship ranging from K-pop fandom and you may fans’ thinking on the division away from labor anywhere between folks inside and you will outside of the house?

This research primarily results in the current literature from the after the a couple of ways. Very first, that with a new and you may recently collected study set of 6,317 findings from one hundred regions, this research adds unusual hard empirical facts into debate of exactly how K-pop influences fans’ sex thinking. 2nd, the research shows how sexism, lookism, and you may sexualization might not just be smooth cultural circumstances, however, could actually influence personal thinking about how paid and you may delinquent performs would be split anywhere between men and women. not, it should even be listed this analysis will not desire to measure people causal outcomes. Given the constraints regarding a cross-sectional questionnaire design, results must be interpreted once the correlations rather than causation.

Ergo, the research issues getting checked out are listed below: 1) What is the relationships within standard of K-pop fandom (measured from the one’s desire to pay for K-pop music affairs and you will products) and you will private gender perceptions?

The remainder of this post is arranged the following. This can deliver the abstract basis for the study theory and you may the newest empirical study. Point III raises this new questionnaire build, data set and parameters, and you will presents detailed statistics of your own variables used in this study. Point IV gifts brand new empirical methodology used for investigation and you may empirical results. Part V stops the content.

Sexism, like sexist attitudes toward females, and that mainly stem from old-fashioned stereotypes on sex jobs, is one of the head culprits you to definitely substitute the way out-of sex equivalence. Early in the day studies have examined intercourse-part stereotyping inside the songs clips ( Aubrey & Frisby, 2011 ; Kalof, 1999 ; Kistler & Lee, 2009 ; Seidman, 1992 ) or other media forms ( Lauzen, Dozier, & Horan, 2008 ; Timber, 1994 ), and found you to definitely compared to boys, ladies are expected to become intimately objectified and you may stored to help you stricter looks conditions. Furthermore, women are and additionally will portrayed in manners you to definitely emphasizes conventional intercourse roles: guys was indeed more powerful, principal, competitive, and you can violent, when you find yourself lady had been expected to end up being exhibited since the weakened, founded, submissive, and you will caring. Though some K-pop groups and you may idols appear to difficulties conventional sex positions because of their androgynous otherwise homoerotic imageries (such as, Emerald away from f(x), Jo Kwon of 2AM, and you will Lee Hong-gi off F.T. Island) and you will remind a great deal more egalitarian gender perceptions, every traditional K-pop artists, eg girl teams, was compliant to your prominent stereotypes.