Knowing how to create an Invoice is vital to ensuring your business receives payment properly and on time.

Late payments are thought to cost small businesses as much as £684 million a year, with most companies receiving payment 5-8 days late on average.

Providing clients with professional and accurate invoices is an effective way to encourage prompt payment for your goods or services.

In this step-by-step guide, we’ll take you through the process of creating a professional invoice, covering everything you’ll need to include as a limited company.

Let’s get started.

What is an invoice and when is it needed?

Before we get into how to create your invoice, let’s begin with the basics. An invoice is a legally binding document sent to a client or customer before or after purchasing a product or service from your company.

It is an integral part of bookkeeping and not only records a sale but also serves as a payment request, notifying the customer of what was purchased and the payment terms.

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As a limited company, you’re legally required to issue invoices that display your company registration number and address. If you are VAT registered then you must also include your VAT number and ensure compliance with HMRC’s rules on VAT invoices.

Whenever you need to collect payment from a client or customer you’ll need to issue an invoice.

A step-by-step guide to creating an invoice

Step 1: Use a professional format

As a legal document, it’s important that your invoice looks the part. There are a number of tools you can use to achieve this.

You can simply format it yourself using an everyday word processor like Microsoft Word or Google Docs, or a spreadsheet like Excel, all of which tend to have a selection of built-in sample invoice templates you can make use of.

Or you can source and easily customise an invoice template via a bookkeeping software like Sage or Freshbooks, or through a free design app like Canva.

Whichever tool you decide to use to create your invoices, always ensure you choose a clear font and professional styling to reflect your brand.

You should also include a uniform header that features your company logo and, if possible, try to incorporate your brand colours too to help make your invoice easily recognisable.

To make your invoice stand out even more, consider adding some extra on-brand personal touches such as your company tagline or mission statement, and sign it off with a thank you message.

Step 2: Input business details

Now that you have your template in place, it’s time to populate it with your key details.

You’ll need to add information for both your own company and the individual or business you’re invoicing. This will usually include:

• Your trading name and correspondence address
• Your contact information (such as your telephone number and email address)
• The client’s company name, address, and contact name
• The client’s contact information (such as their telephone number and email address)
• Your full registered company name
• Your registered office address
• Your company registration number

As a limited company, it is a legal requirement for you to reference your full registered company name on any invoices you send. If your trading name is something different, you should also include this to help clients recognise you. The easiest way to do this is to use the phrase [business name] trading as [trading name]. This is usually added to the footer of the invoice along with your limited company name, registered office, and company registration number. 

For limited companies, it’s also important to note that if you decide to add in names of your directors on your invoice, you must be sure to include the names of all directors in order to comply with HMRC rules.

Once inputted, we recommend thoroughly checking over this information before sending it on, to ensure all the details are 100% accurate. This will help minimise any unnecessary delays to your payment.

Step 3: Label and identify your invoice

It might sound obvious, but make sure to clearly label your invoice with the actual word ‘Invoice’ in a prominent position at the top of your document, in a bold or title font. This will ensure that your client knows exactly what they have received and helps to avoid it being misplaced or buried amongst other mail or admin.

Government guidelines also require you to include a unique identification number on every invoice you send. This is a useful and important feature as it helps both you and your client to keep track of invoices, at any time, be it to chase up late payments or review a past transaction.

How you choose to formulate your unique identification number is completely up to you. Most companies opt for a sequence of numbers that work in a consecutive pattern, whilst others choose to combine both letters and numbers.

However, you choose to format your ID numbers, keep them consistent and use a pattern that will link to your internal systems so that you can quickly distinguish different invoice types and clients.

Placing the identification number at the top right or left-hand side of the invoice will help make it easy to spot.

Step 4: Summarise the purchased goods or services

Now that you’ve identified your invoice and filled it with your business details, it’s time to itemise the goods or services that you’ve provided.

It’s important here to be as concise as possible, whilst including enough description so that your client can easily recognise the transaction in question.

A good way to achieve this is by drawing up a table that lists each item and any related details such as price and quantity in an organised fashion, row-by-row.

For example, include columns for the following details:

• The name of the product or service
• A brief description of the product or service (for example, the name of the service might be ‘Social Media Marketing’ and the description might be ‘Facebook Ad Campaign’)
• The quantity provided
• The cost of each individual product or service

Step 5: Break down costs and add a total balance

At the end of the itemised table you’ve created, you’ll want to add up and display the grand total that’s due from your client.

In addition to the products or services you’ve listed, you may also need to charge for extras such as tax or shipping or wish to apply a discount.

To ensure this information is clear, include a subtotal, and then add any additional charges or discounts below it, before stating your final total. It’s a good idea to bold the Final Total font or enlarge it slightly to make sure it’s easy and quick to interpret.

If your business is VAT-registered, you’ll need to issue a VAT invoice, which is different from a standard invoice. We’ll explore this in more detail later on.

Step 6: Include the relevant dates

There are three key dates that you’ll want to ensure your invoice includes.

Firstly, the invoice’s issue date. This should be located at the top of your invoice so you and your client can instantly determine when the invoice was sent.

Secondly, the supply date – in other words, the date when the goods or services were provided. If you have supplied multiple products or services then the dates may vary. Add a date column to your items table to show the accompanying supply date for each product or service that was delivered.

Finally, and perhaps most importantly when it comes to prompting on-time payments, is the due date. This is the date by which you expect to receive the payment. If a payment does not reach you by this date then it is classed as late.

Step 6: List your payment terms

You’ll likely have already agreed on payment terms upfront with your client before issuing their invoice. However, it’s still good practice to note the terms on the invoice itself as a solid reminder.

As well as the due date, your payment terms should reference how you would like the client to pay as well as your bank details so that they have all the information to hand to make the payment. It’s a good idea to offer a selection of payment methods for them to choose from to help move the payment process along as swiftly as possible.

Typical payment options may include bank transfer, PayPal, cash, cheque, debit, and credit card.

For clients with a repeat purchase history, offering a direct debit option can be an efficient way to manage regular payments, giving both you and the customer peace of mind. You could include details of how to set this up within your payment terms.

Asides from how to pay, this section might also include the currency in which you deal if your company operates across borders.

If you charge late penalty fees, add full details of this to your payment terms.

Step 7: Provide VAT details

This final step is only applicable to VAT-registered businesses.

If your company is registered for VAT, you are legally required to provide a VAT invoice which, as we mentioned earlier, differs from a standard invoice.

There are three different types of VAT invoices you might send depending on the circumstances; a full invoice, a modified invoice for retail supplies exceeding £250, and a simplified invoice for supplies under £250.

Generally speaking, you’ll need all the same details as included in a standard invoice, plus some extra VAT-related details as follows:

• Your VAT registration number
• The unit price for each product or service
• The VAT rate charged
• The total amount excluding VAT

There are three different rates of VAT you might charge. These are:

Standard rate

This applies to most products and services unless they fall under a reduced or zero rate.

Reduced rate

Reduced rate is a lower rate of VAT that applies to a selection of specific goods and services, and depends on the circumstances of the sale.

Zero rate

Finally, zero rates mean that the goods or services you’ve provided are still VAT-taxable but the VAT rate you charge is 0%. You must still record zero-rated sales in your VAT accounts and report them when it comes to your VAT return.

Visit GOV.UK if you’re unsure about what VAT rate your company should be charging.

It’s important that you specify which VAT rate you’ve applied in your invoice.

What other types of invoices are there?

Above we’ve covered everything you’ll need to include in a standard invoice, which is the most common type of invoice your limited company is likely to use.

However, there is a range of other invoice types that you may come across depending on your industry and the circumstances of the goods or services you provide.

Here are some of the main ones to be aware of:

Commercial invoice

Commercial invoices sometimes referred to as business invoices, are issued when you deliver goods on an international scale.

These invoices form an important part of the documentation needed for foreign trade, containing information essential for the customs authorities.

A commercial invoice should include:

• Both the shipper and payee’s details
• The country of origin and the destination
• The shipping date and identification number (sometimes called the air waybill number)
• The shipment quantity
• A description of the goods
• Package format, volume, and weight
• The declared value
• All required signatures

A commercial invoice might also include a declaration confirming the authenticity of the invoice, details of the person who is in charge of the sale, and any special notes helpful to customs.

Credit invoice

A credit invoice also referred to as a credit memo, is an amendment to an original invoice. It is issued when a company owes money and needs to make changes to the initial invoice a client received. This could be for a number of reasons, for instance, if:

• The goods the client received are damaged
• The incorrect items were sent
• The client was overcharged
• The goods sent have been returned

Usually, the credit invoice will display a negative total in a reversal of the original invoice.

Debit invoice

Similarly to a credit invoice, a debit invoice, also known as a debit memo, is issued when you want to adjust an original invoice but this time to increase the total. This may be used when a client has previously been undercharged and extra costs need to be applied.

For example, if a consultant has ended up spending more hours on a project than previously agreed or extra goods have been delivered.

Timesheet Invoice

Lastly, a timesheet invoice is used in cases where you want to bill by the hour.

This is a common type of invoice for professionals who offer services in specific industries, such as:

• Lawyers
• Consultants
• Freelancers
• Accountants
• Therapists

The stages of invoicing

When and what type of invoice you send will depend on a variety of factors such as the type of goods and services you provide, the timescale at which you provide them, as well as your company’s and client’s own preferences.

Final invoice

In most cases, you’ll send a final invoice, also referred to as the standard invoice we’ve detailed in this guide. The final invoice, as its name suggests, is typically sent once your service or goods have been provided.

Proforma invoice

Sometimes clients may like to receive a proforma invoice, which gives them an indication of what they can expect from your upcoming goods or services before they’ve received them and the estimated cost.

This doesn’t act as a demand for payment but it allows the client to budget accordingly prior to your delivery and issue of their final invoice.

Interim invoice

Depending on your industry, goods or services may be part of a large-scale project across a long-term plan. If this is the case, then an interim invoice allows you to break down the costs into incremental payments at agreed milestones. This can help make payments more manageable for your client, whilst ensuring regular cash flow for your company.

Past due invoice

Finally, a past-due invoice is issued when a client is late with their payment.

It serves as a reminder of your original invoice containing all the key information as stated before along with any subsequent late penalty fees that may be incurred as a result of missing the due date initially specified.

How to send an invoice

Once you have written your invoice, you’ll want to consider how you’ll deliver it to your client.

For some companies, this will be a straightforward decision, but for others, it may require a bit more thought.

How you choose to send your invoices can impact how quickly your payment is received. Some companies will use one method for all clients, whereas others may choose a mixture. Your decision will depend on your own company’s preferences and in-house capabilities, but it can be a good idea to also bear in mind your client’s preferred communication channels too.

Here are the three most popular ways to send an invoice:

By post

Depending on the industry and the customer’s operations, post can still be a preferred method of sending your invoices to clients who perhaps have limited access to emails during the working day or in cases where emails could be overlooked.

The downside of posting invoices is that compared to digital alternatives it can prove to be a much slower process and less reliable. For example, your invoice could be delayed due to postal strikes, it could take longer to land in front of the point of contact it’s written to, or your client could change addresses. Not only this but posting comes with a charge.

Via email

Email tends to be the most popular way for sending invoices. It’s arguably the quickest method for both sending the invoice and receiving it.

If you choose this option, ensure you have the contact’s up-to-date and accurate email address and attach your invoice as a PDF, which can also be password protected for extra security. You can view Adobe’s simple instructions on how to password-protect a PDF here.

Include mention of your invoice in the subject line to help make it quick to identify if the client comes back to it at a later date and include a short message in the email itself highlighting any special instructions.

Through invoicing software

Invoicing software such as Sage or PayPal allows you to not only draft up your invoice within a customisable template but to also schedule and automate invoicing, which can be ideal when sending out high volumes or requesting regular payments from your clients.

The invoice will arrive to your client as a secure link allowing them to make the payment online there and then, making it quick and easy for both parties.

Wrapping up

So there you have it, everything you need to know about creating an invoice as a limited company.

We hope this guide has provided all the information you need to write your invoices and distinguish between the different types and stages of invoicing out there.

Remember, when it comes to writing an invoice, especially for the first time, it’s always a good idea to refer to GOV.UK to ensure full compliance with the rules that apply to limited companies.

But if you do have any questions when it comes to writing your invoices, leave us a comment below and we’ll try our best to help answer any queries you might have!

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