The Phosphonium cation describes polyatomic cations with the chemical formula PR+4. A phosphonium salt is a salt containing either the phosphonium (PH4+) ion, such as phosphonium iodide (PH4+I−) or, more commonly, an organic derivative such as the quaternary phosphonium salts tetraphenylphosphonium chloride, (C6H5)4P+ Cl− and tetramethylphosphonium iodide, [P(CH3)4]+I−. Salts of the parent PH+4 are rarely encountered, but this ion is an intermediate in the preparation of the industrially useful tetrakis(hydroxymethyl)phosphonium chloride:
Organic phosphonium salts are common reagents in the laboratory. Those with a P–H bond are produced through protonation of phosphines. Many organic quaternary phosphonium cations (PR+4) are produced by alkylation of organophosphines. For example, the reaction of triphenylphosphine with methyl iodide gives methyltriphenylphosphonium iodide, the precursor to a Wittig reagen.
Uses of Quaternary Phosphonium Salts:
These compounds are widely used in shampoos, chloride salts as cleansers, spermicidal jellies and in sulfate salts as texture conditioner. Because of the antimicrobial and the disinfectant property, these compounds such as benzalkonium chloride, cetalkonium chloride, benzethonium chloride, centrimide, cetrimonium, and dofanium chloride, are effectively utilized.
Quaternary Phosphonium Salts are well known and widely used in the industry of food because of their part of a disinfecting operator. They are also used against different parasites as well as infections and numerous different such things. They are also utilized to evacuate natural materials, and are great cationic cleansers. Quaternary Phosphonium Salts perform amazingly in the soft waters and are deactivated by basic cleansers. Another effective utilization of these salts incorporates their blend with Phenols. Their ammonium Compoundsare generally utilized as a part of organized chemistry as the Phase Transfer Catalyst, encouraging the relocation of reactants starting with one stage then onto the next. They can also be utilized to balance out osmotic pressure in the cells and are available in osmolytes, similar to glycine betaine.
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