The term “monetary policy” refers to the actions undertaken by a central bank, such as the Federal Reserve, to influence the availability and cost of money and credit to help promote national economic goals. The Federal Reserve Act of 1913 gave the Federal Reserve responsibility for setting monetary policy.
What is FOMC Meeting (Federal Open Market Committee)
The Federal Reserve controls the three tools of monetary policy–open market operations, the discount rate, and reserve requirements. The Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System is responsible for the discount rate and reserve requirements, and the Federal Open Market Committee is responsible for open market operations.
Using the three tools, the Federal Reserve influences the demand for, and supply of, balances that depository institutions hold at Federal Reserve Banks and in this way alters the federal funds rate. The federal funds rate is the interest rate at which depository institutions lend balances at the Federal Reserve to other depository institutions overnight.
Changes in the federal funds rate trigger a chain of events that affect other short-term interest rates, foreign exchange rates, long-term interest rates, the amount of money and credit, and, ultimately, a range of economic variables, including employment, output, and prices of goods and services.
Structure of the FOMC
The Federal Open Market Committee (FOMC) consists of twelve members–the seven members of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System; the president of the Federal Reserve Bank of New York; and four of the remaining eleven Reserve Bank presidents, who serve one-year terms on a rotating basis.
The rotating seats are filled from the following four groups of Banks, with one Bank president from each group: Boston, Philadelphia, and Richmond; Cleveland and Chicago; Atlanta, St. Louis, and Dallas; and Minneapolis, Kansas City, and San Francisco.
Nonvoting Reserve Bank presidents attend the meetings of the Committee, participate in the discussions, and contribute to the Committee’s assessment of the economy and policy options.
The FOMC meeting holds eight regularly scheduled meetings per year. At these meetings, the Committee reviews economic and financial conditions to determine the appropriate stance of monetary policy and assess the risks to its long-run goals of price stability and sustainable economic growth.
For more detail on the FOMC meeting and monetary policy, see section 2 of the brochure on the structure of the Federal Reserve System and Chapter 2 of Purposes & Functions of the Federal Reserve System. FOMC Rules and Authorizations are also available online.
2022 FOMC Meeting Committee Members
- Jerome H. Powell, Board of Governors, Chair
- John C. Williams, New York, Vice Chair
- Michelle W. Bowman, Board of Governors
- Lael Brainard, Board of Governors
- James Bullard, St. Louis
- Lisa D. Cook, Board of Governors
- Esther L. George, Kansas City
- Philip N. Jefferson, Board of Governors
- Loretta J. Mester, Cleveland
- Christopher J. Waller, Board of Governors
- Alternate Members
- Meredith Black, Interim President, Dallas
- Charles L. Evans, Chicago
- Patrick Harker, Philadelphia
- Naureen Hassan, First Vice President, New York
- Neel Kashkari, Minneapolis
How Does FOMC Meeting Determine Crypto Prices
Market returns have been positive when the FOMC has been dovish or cuts rates. Market returns have been negative when the FOMC has been hawkish or increased rates. Although not every rate cut ( or hike) is associated with an unusually high (or low) return.
There’s some evidence for longer-term effects as well, given that weekly abnormal returns have been positive on the easing of monetary policy. But the impact is not always in the expected direction.
