Blood Diseases That Cause High White Blood Cell Count – Blood cell disorders are diseases that affect all of your blood cells – these are your red blood cells, white blood cells, and even your platelets. All of these cells are made in your bone marrow. While some diseases disrupt the function of one of these cells, they can also affect multiple blood cells and their respective functions. .
Below are some common benign blood disorders that affect blood cells and platelets. To help our patients better understand each condition, we have listed the symptoms, risk factors, diagnostic options, and treatment options for each of these benign blood disorders.
Blood Diseases That Cause High White Blood Cell Count
What is anemia? Anemia is a blood cell disorder that affects the function of your red blood cells. When you have anemia, your body lacks the healthy blood cells it needs to carry oxygen to the rest of your body. Anemia is sometimes referred to as low hemoglobin. .
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The signs and symptoms of anemia depend on the severity and type of anemia you have been diagnosed with. In addition, anemia can sometimes occur without symptoms. However, some symptoms that may indicate anemia include:
Anemia is often associated with deficiencies of certain vitamins and minerals, chronic illnesses, and intestinal disorders. Other risk factors for anemia include pregnancy, menstruation, age and a family history of anemia.
To diagnose anemia, our hematologists may recommend a complete blood Count (FBC), which tells us about the level of red blood cells in your blood.
If there is a deficiency in the diet, supplementing the deficient nutrients (folic acid, iron or vitamin B12) may be sufficient. If there are other causes, treatment must be tailored accordingly.
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Iron deficiency anemia is a common form of anemia when the body does not have enough iron to produce hemoglobin.
Some common symptoms of iron deficiency anemia include general fatigue, unusual weakness, pale skin, a tingling sensation in the legs, swelling and pain of the tongue, brittle nails, and frequent headaches.
Iron deficiency anemia typically results from low food intake, blood loss, increased iron requirements during pregnancy, and decreased iron absorption from food. Risk factors for iron deficiency include age, genetic conditions and lifestyle.
Our hematologists may recommend a series of tests to diagnose iron deficiency anemia. These tests may include a complete blood count (FBC) and an iron profile. Additionally, additional diagnostic tests may be required, such as: B. a colonoscopy and an endoscopy to rule out any intestinal causes.
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Treatment options for iron deficiency anemia may include oral iron supplements, intravenous iron infusions, and red blood cell transfusions.
You can find more information about iron deficiency anemia, its symptoms, risk factors and treatment options here.
Aplastic anemia is a rare and serious condition in which the body does not produce enough blood cells. This causes the body to become fatigued and can increase the risk of uncontrolled bleeding and infection.
Risk factors for aplastic anemia include exposure to toxic chemicals, radiation or chemotherapy used to treat cancer, certain prescription medications, pregnancy, and autoimmune diseases.
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Treatment for aplastic anemia depends on the patient’s age and severity of the disease. Treatment aims to restore blood cell production. If the condition is mild, it may resolve spontaneously without treatment, although this is not very common. Patients will likely need blood and platelet transfusions to prevent and control infections.
Thalassemia is a genetic blood disorder that affects the production of red blood cells. Abnormal blood production means that affected individuals do not produce enough functioning red blood cells.
There are different types of thalassemia, the most common forms are alpha and beta thalassemia. Clinically, patients with thalassemia may present with thalassemia minus or thalassemia major.
The symptoms of thalassemia can vary. Some people have no visible symptoms, while others develop symptoms later in adolescence. The most common symptoms include:
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In order for our hematologists to diagnose thalassemia, they may recommend a complete blood count (FBC). More specific blood tests such as hemoglobin electrophoresis and red blood cell genotyping are required to clarify the diagnosis of thalassemia and determine the subgroup of thalassemia.
Depending on the type of thalassemia you are diagnosed with, treatment options may vary – some forms of thalassemia do not require treatment. However, if you require treatment, our hematologists may recommend iron chelation, blood transfusions, bone marrow or blood stem cell transplants.
Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) is a blood disorder in which a blood clot (thrombus) forms in a blood vessel deep in the body, usually in the leg or arm. This causes blood flow through the vein to be partially or completely blocked and the affected limb becomes painful, red, and swollen.
Various risk factors increase your risk of developing deep vein thrombosis. These include prolonged bed rest or sitting for long periods of time, age, obesity, smoking, cancer, heart failure, genetics, birth control pills and pregnancy.
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An ultrasound scan is typically used to diagnose deep vein thrombosis. This allows our hematologists to check whether your blood flows normally through your veins.
The recommended treatment is an anticoagulant, a medication that thins the blood and prevents the clot from enlarging and from breaking off and causing a pulmonary embolism. The blood clot will naturally dissolve in your body over time.
Pulmonary embolism is a condition in which a blood clot (thrombus) lodges in a blood vessel in the lungs. PE usually begins as a clot in the deep veins (also called deep vein thrombosis or DVT) in the leg that has dislodged and flowed to the lungs. This can be a life-threatening condition if not treated quickly.
The most common symptoms of a pulmonary embolism include difficulty breathing, coughing up blood, and chest or upper back pain.
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The most common risk factors for a pulmonary embolism include hereditary diseases (blood clotting disorders), prolonged inactivity and a history of cancer or chemotherapy.
Our hematologists may order specific blood tests (including something called a D-dimer test), an EKG, a pulmonary angiogram, a chest x-ray, and other diagnostic tests to diagnose a pulmonary embolism.
Depending on the patient’s overall health, different treatment options for pulmonary embolism may be recommended. These include anticoagulant medications, compression stockings and thrombolytic therapy.
Further information about pulmonary embolism, its treatment options and the possible risks and side effects of anticoagulant medications can be found here.
High White Blood Cell Count: Causes, Symptoms, Tests
Immune thrombocytopenia is an autoimmune disease that causes low platelet counts, leading to abnormal bleeding and bruising.
Patients with immune thrombocytopenia whose platelet count is above 50 may have no signs of the disease. In these cases, the low platelet count is usually detected during a routine blood test. People with a very low platelet count may experience symptoms such as petechiae (pinprick rash), bruising, purpura (purple spots on the skin), nose and gum bleeding, heavy menstruation, and fatigue.
Risk factors for immune thrombocytopenia include sex, which has been shown to be more common in women, and diseases such as lupus and rheumatoid arthritis.
Patients with immune thrombocytopenia whose platelet count is above 50 may have no signs of the disease. In these cases, the low platelet count is usually detected during a routine blood test.
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Patients with mild ITP usually do not require active treatment. However, the platelet count should be monitored regularly. Treatment for ITP aims to increase platelet counts and suppress the body’s immune system to reduce platelet destruction.
First-line treatments for ITP include steroids such as prednisolone and intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG). These help by dampening the immune response and preventing the destruction of blood platelets.
Von Willebrand disease (vWD) is one of the most common blood clotting disorders that occurs due to low or improper functioning of von Willebrand factor (vWF) in the blood.
Symptoms of vWD can either be too mild to notice or extremely severe and frequent. Symptoms can occur at any age and include lumpy bruising, blood in the urine and stools, and prolonged bleeding. In addition, patients with vWD may experience anemia-like symptoms such as weakness and fatigue.
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To diagnose von Willebrand disease, our hematologists may ask questions about your family history. In addition, our doctor will examine you for any unusual bruising and perform blood tests to see how your blood clots.
There is currently no cure for vWD. However, the condition can be controlled with medications and other therapies such as antifibrinolytics, desmopressin and replacement therapies.
Congenital red blood cell diseases are diseases that are inherited genetically. Two common types of congenital red blood cell disorders are sickle cell anemia and thalassemia. .
A genetic mutation causes thalassemia and these mutations hinder normal hemoglobin production in the body. As previously mentioned, oxygen cannot be transported to the rest of the body without sufficient hemoglobin. Without enough oxygen, your organs cannot function properly. This can lead to conditions such as an enlarged spleen, heart problems, bone deformities, and developmental and growth delays in children. .
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Treatment for thalassemia generally consists of blood transfusions and folic acid supplements. A shaft
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