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Diagram Of The Appendix Human Internal Organs
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The Appendix is a hollow tube that is closed at one end and connected at the other end to the cecum at the beginning of the large intestine.
The appendix, formally the vermiform appendix, in anatomy, is a vestigial hollow tube closed at one end and connected at the other end to the cecum, the sac-like beginning of the large intestine into which the small intestine empties its contents. It is not known whether the appendix has a useful purpose for humans. Suspected functions include maintaining and nurturing beneficial gut flora that can repopulate the digestive system after disease wipes out the natural population of this flora. Creating a place for the production of endocrine cells in the fetus that produce important molecules in the regulation of homeostasis. and a possible role in immune system function during the first three decades of life by exposing leukocytes (white blood cells) to antigens in the gastrointestinal tract, thereby stimulating antibody production that may modulate immune responses in the gut. help. While the specific functions of the human appendix are unclear, there is general agreement among scientists that the appendix gradually disappeared from the human species over evolutionary time. A blockage of the appendix can lead to appendicitis, a painful and potentially dangerous inflammation.
The appendix is usually 8 to 10 cm (3 to 4 in) long and less than 1.3 cm (0.5 in) wide. The cavity of the appendix is much narrower where it joins the cecum than at its closed end. The appendix has muscular walls that can normally expel mucous secretions from the walls of the appendix or any intestinal contents that have penetrated into the cecum into the cecum. Appendicitis can occur if something blocks the opening of the appendix or prevents its contents from being expelled into the cecum. The most common obstruction is a fecal orifice, a hardened piece of fecal material. Swelling of the lining of the appendix walls can also block the opening. When the appendix is prevented from draining, a series of events occur. Liquids and mucous secretions accumulate in the appendix and lead to edema, swelling and enlargement of the organ. As the dilation increases, the blood vessels of the appendix close, which causes necrosis (death) of the appendix tissue. Meanwhile, bacteria normally found in this part of the gut begin to multiply in the closed pocket, making the inflammation worse. The appendix, weakened by necrosis and under increasing internal pressure from dilatation, may rupture and spill its contents into the abdominal cavity, infecting the membranes lining the cavity and covering the abdominal organs.
Peritonitis). Fortunately, peritonitis is usually prevented by the body’s protective mechanisms. The omentum, a sheet of fatty tissue, often wraps itself around the inflamed appendix, and the secretions that usually form in areas of inflammation act as glue, separating the appendix from the surrounding peritoneal cavity.
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A person experiencing an appendicitis attack may feel pain throughout the abdomen, only in the upper abdomen, or around the belly button. This pain is usually not very severe. After one to six hours or more, the pain may be localized to the lower right side of the abdomen. Nausea and vomiting may occur some time after the onset of pain. Fever is usually present but rarely high in the early stages of an attack. The patient’s leukocytes (white blood cells) usually increase from a normal number of 5,000-10,000 in adults to an abnormal number of 12,000-20,000. This phenomenon can be caused by many other acute inflammatory conditions that occur in the abdomen.
In a person with a normal appendix, appendicitis pain is located between the navel and the front edge of the right hip bone. But many people place the appendix in an abnormal position and may feel the pain from an appendicitis attack in a different or misleading location, making it difficult to distinguish their symptoms from abdominal pain caused by a variety of other conditions. A careful diagnostic examination by a doctor can usually determine whether acute appendicitis is actually causing the patient’s abdominal pain. An ultrasound or computed tomography (CT) scan may also be helpful in diagnosing appendicitis.
The main treatment for appendicitis is surgical removal of the appendix in a minor procedure called an appendectomy. The procedure itself requires a little more than half an hour under anesthesia and causes relatively little post-operative discomfort. If the diagnosis of acute appendicitis cannot be made immediately with reasonable certainty, it is usually necessary to wait and observe the patient’s symptoms for 10 to 24 hours before a definitive diagnosis can be made. This wait slightly increases the risk of appendix rupture and peritonitis, so the patient is under close medical supervision at this time. An appendectomy is a procedure to remove the appendix. By far the most common reason for removing the appendix is appendicitis (inflammation of the appendix). Acute appendicitis is the result of an obstruction at the base of the appendix and usually ruptures into the appendix within 48 to 72 hours. When the appendix ruptures, it spills infectious material into the abdominal cavity. This can lead to a life-threatening condition.
Acute appendicitis most commonly occurs between the ages of 10 and 20, but can occur at any age. The most common complaint is abdominal pain, which is often accompanied by nausea and mild fever. The pain is often, but not always, first around the navel (navel). As appendicitis progresses, the pain usually moves to the right lower quadrant of the abdomen.
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Imaging studies are usually used to confirm the diagnosis. At Children’s Hospital Colorado, ultrasound is used as the primary imaging test, but CT is sometimes used instead or in addition.
Children under 4 years old face a special challenge. Appendicitis is rare in this age group and young children cannot express their complaints well. Therefore, late diagnosis and rupture of the appendix is common (over 70% compared to 20-30% in older children and young adults).
As shown in this diagram, the appendix is located at the very beginning of the large intestine. Scientists believe that the appendix had a purpose in the early stage of human evolution. However, it has no known function in modern humans. The appendix can be removed without any damage.
Most patients with appendicitis undergo appendectomy immediately after diagnosis. If there is evidence of ruptured appendicitis with symptoms of 3-5 days, appendectomy is usually postponed and the patient is treated initially with IV antibiotics, IV fluids, and IV nutrition if needed. An appendectomy can then be performed later, usually about 6 weeks, when the patient’s inflammation has subsided. According to several recent clinical studies, appendectomy is not always necessary.
Abdomen (human Anatomy)
At Children’s Hospital Colorado, more than 95 percent of appendectomies are performed laparoscopically, usually with three laparoscopic ports (three small incisions). We perform over 400 laparoscopic appendectomies per year.
All patients will receive a dose of IV antibiotics before surgery. If the appendix has ruptured, a central venous catheter or a peripheral central venous catheter is usually inserted. Antibiotics can be administered through this catheter for several days until the patient is adequately treated. Some patients go home with IV antibiotics or oral antibiotics.
For early unruptured appendicitis, most patients are discharged the day after surgery. A ruptured appendix generally results in a slightly longer hospital stay.
This information is provided by the Department of Surgery at the University of Colorado School of Medicine. It is not intended to replace the medical advice of your physician or healthcare provider. Please consult your health care provider for advice on a specific condition. The vermiform appendix is a diverticular structure that emerges from the medial posterior wall of the caecum about 2 cm below the ileocecal junction.
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The length of the appendix varies between 2 and 20 cm (average 9 cm). The standard width is about 5 mm.
The angular circular lumen in the appendix is small compared to the thickness of its wall. Starting from the inside and going out, the four layers that make up the wall of the appendix are: mucosa, submucosa, muscle layer, and serosa. The appendix has 3 parts namely base, body and tip.
The appendix can be found in
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