What Is The Main Function Of Nervous Tissue – Although the Nervous system is very complex, there are only two basic cells in the nervous tissue. A true nerve cell is a neuron. It is a “conducting” cell that transmits impulses and is a structural unit of the nervous system. Another type of cell is the neuroglia or glial cell. The word “neuroglia” means “nerve glue”. These cells are nonconductive and provide a support system for neurons. They are a special type of “connective tissue” for the nervous system.
Neurons, or nerve cells, perform the functions of the nervous system by transmitting nerve impulses. They are highly specialized and amitotic. This means that if a neuron is destroyed, it cannot be replaced because neurons do not undergo mitosis. The figure below shows the structure of a typical neuron.
What Is The Main Function Of Nervous Tissue
In many ways, the cell body is similar to other types of cells. It has at least one uninucleate nucleus and contains many typical cytoplasmic organelles. However, it has no centrioles. Since centrioles function in cell division, the absence of these organelles in neurons is consistent with the amitotic nature of the cell.
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Dendrites and axons are cytoplasmic extensions or processes that extend from the cell body. They are sometimes called fibers. Dendrites are usually, but not always, short and branched, increasing their surface area to receive signals from other neurons. The number of dendrites in a neuron is different. They are called afferent processes because they transmit impulses to the neuron cell body. There is only one axon that exits each cell body. It is usually elongated, and because it carries impulses from the cell body, it is called an efferent process.
An axon may have rare branches called axon collaterals. Axons and axon collaterals terminate in numerous short branches or telodendria. The distal ends of telodendria are slightly enlarged and form synaptic bulbs. Most axons are surrounded by a segmented, white, fatty substance called myelin or myelin sheath. Myelinated fibers make up the white matter of the Central Nervous system, while cell bodies and unmyelinated fibers make up the gray matter. The unmyelinated areas between myelinated segments are called nodes of Ranvier.
In the peripheral nervous system, myelin is produced by Schwann cells. The Schwann cell’s cytoplasm, nucleus, and outer cell membrane form a tough sheath around the myelin and around the axon itself at the nodes of Ranvier. This covering is the neurilemma, which plays an important role in the regeneration of nerve fibers. In the central nervous system, oligodendrocytes form myelin, but there is no neurilemma, so the fibers in the central nervous system do not regenerate.
Functionally, neurons are divided into afferent, efferent or interneurons (association neurons) according to the direction of impulse transmission relative to the central nervous system. Afferent or sensory neurons carry impulses from peripheral sensory receptors to the central nervous system. They usually have long dendrites and relatively short axons. Efferent or motor neurons carry impulses from the central nervous system to effector organs such as muscles and glands. Efferent neurons usually have short dendrites and long axons. Interneurons, or association neurons, are located entirely in the central nervous system and form the connecting link between afferent and efferent neurons. They have short dendrites and can have a short or long axon.
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Neuroglial cells do not transmit nerve impulses, but rather they support, nourish and protect neurons. They are more numerous than neurons and, unlike neurons, are capable of mitosis.
Schwannomas are benign tumors of the peripheral nervous system that usually occur in sporadic, solitary forms in normal individuals. In rare cases, people develop multiple schwannomas arising from one or more elements of the peripheral nervous system.
Commonly called Morton’s neuroma, this problem is a very common benign nerve growth that begins when the outer covering of the nerve in your leg thickens. This thickening is caused by irritation of the branches of the medial and lateral plantar nerves caused by the repeated rubbing of the two bones against each other.At Home Quizzes and Games History and Society Science and Technology Biographies Animals and Nature Geography and Travel Arts and Culture Money Videos
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Neurotransmitters: Types, Functions And Disorders
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Central nervous system, a system of nervous tissue consisting of the brain and spinal cord of vertebrates. The central nervous system controls both voluntary movements such as walking and speaking, as well as involuntary movements such as breathing and reflex movements. It is also the center of emotion and perception. It is one of the two main parts that make up the human nervous system, the other being the peripheral nervous system (nerves that carry impulses to and from the central nervous system).
The brain and spinal cord are surrounded by protective membranes called meninges, and both float in crystal clear cerebrospinal fluid. The central nervous system is located mainly in the axial skeleton, where the brain is surrounded by a bony bundle, the neurocranium, and the cylindrical and elongated spinal cord is in the vertebral canal, formed by a series of vertebrae connected by dense ligaments. lies the complex pathways of the nervous system with our definitive guide. Nursing students, unlock the secrets of the complex network that determines our every thought, action, and emotion.
The nervous system does not work alone to regulate and maintain the body’s homeostasis; endocrine system is the second important regulatory system.
The Functions Of The Skeletal System
We have only one nervous system, but due to its complexity, it is difficult to consider all its parts at once; therefore, we divide it according to its structure (structural classification) or activity (functional classification) to simplify learning.
The systematic classification, which includes all organs of the nervous system, has two divisions – the central nervous system and the peripheral nervous system.
Despite its complexity, nervous tissue consists of two main types of cells – supporting cells and neurons.
Neurons, also called nerve cells, are highly specialized for transmitting messages (nerve impulses) from one part of the body to another.
Nerve Tissue, Synapses, And Neurotransmitters
During embryonic development, the central nervous system first appears as a simple tube, the neural tube, which extends down the dorsal median plane of the developing embryonic body.
Because the brain is the largest and most complex mass of nervous tissue in the body, it is usually discussed in terms of its four main regions—the cerebral hemispheres, the diencephalon, the brainstem, and the cerebellum.
The paired cerebral hemispheres, collectively called the cerebrum, are the topmost part of the brain and together are much larger than the other three brain regions.
Nervous tissue is very soft and delicate, irreplaceable neurons are damaged by even the slightest pressure, so nature embeds the brain and spinal cord in bone (skull and spine), membranes (my diaphragm) rab, tried to protect. ), and the aqueous cushion (cerebrospinal fluid).
Nervous Tissue Mediates Perception And Response
Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is a watery “broth” similar to blood plasma from which it is made.
No other organ is as completely dependent on a constant internal environment as the brain, and therefore has a blood-brain barrier to protect it.
The white matter of the spinal cord consists of myelinated fiber tracts – some go to the higher centers, some go from the brain to the cord, and some carry impulses from one side of the spinal cord to the other.
The peripheral nervous system consists of nerves and scattered groups of neuronal cell bodies (ganglia) located outside the central nervous system.
Structure And Function Of The Nervous System
The 31 pairs of spinal nerves in humans are formed by the union of the ventral and dorsal roots of the spinal cord.
The sympathetic division drives the body in extreme situations and is also called the thoracolumbar division because its preganglionic neurons are located in the gray matter of the spinal cord from T1 to L2.
Neurons have two main functional properties: excitability, the ability to respond to a stimulus and convert it into a nerve impulse, and conduction, the ability to transmit the impulse to other neurons, muscles, or glands.
The parasympathetic division is most active when the body is at rest and when there is no threat.
Functions Of The Central Nervous System
Marianna leads a double life, working as a nurse by day and a writer by night. As an ambulatory care nurse, she honed her skills in providing health care information to her patients, making her a valuable resource and training manual for student nurses.
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