Four causes of anaemia in uraemic patients. 1. Erythropoietin deficiency 2. Increased levels of bone marrow toxins 3. Bone marrow fibrosis in osteitis fibrosa cystica 4.Increased red cel… Read More

HER2 is the target of the monoclonal antibody trastuzumab (marketed as Herceptin). Trastuzumab is effective only in cancers where HER2 is over-expressed Read More

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Few cancers can spread from the mother to the foetus like malignant melanoma, small cell lung cancer, non-Hodgkin lymphoma and leukemia.source: Canadian Cancer Society Read More

source : World Health Organization Read More

Filgotinib (GLPG0634), by the Belgian biotech company Galápagos NV, is a drug which is currently under investigation for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and Crohn's disease… Read More

Ustekinumab (INN, experimental name CNTO 1275, proprietary commercial name Stelara, Centocor) is a human monoclonal antibody. It is directed against interleukin 12 and interleukin 23, natura… Read More

Yellow fever is an acute viral haemorrhagic disease transmitted by infected mosquitoes. The "yellow" in the name refers to the jaundice that affects some patients.    Up to 50… Read More

Escherichia coli (E. coli) is a bacterium that is commonly found in the gut of humans and warm-blooded animals. Most strains of E. coli are harmless. Some strains however, such as enterohaem… Read More

Though first described in the 1950s, the virus causing Lassa disease was not identified until 1969. The virus is a single-stranded RNA virus belonging to the virus family Arenaviridae. Abou… Read More

Good outbreak control relies on applying a package of interventions, namely case management, surveillance and contact tracing, a good laboratory service, safe burials and social mobilisation… Read More

The fundamental causes of asthma are not completely understood. The strongest risk factors for developing asthma are a combination of genetic predisposition with environmental exposure to in… Read More

1. Dengue is a mosquito-borne viral infection. 2. The infection causes flu-like illness, and occasionally develops into a potentially lethal complication called severe dengue. 3. The glob… Read More

Adalimumab ( trade names Humira and Exemptia) is a medication used for rheumatoid arthritis, psoriatic arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis… Read More

1. More than 1 million sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are acquired every day worldwide. 2. Each year, there are an estimated 357 million new infections with 1 of 4 STIs: chlamydia… Read More

Safe and effective vaccines are available for influenza and have been used for more than 60 years. Among healthy adults, influenza vaccine can provide reasonable protection. However among th… Read More

1. 1 in 160 children has an autism spectrum disorder (ASD). 2.ASD begin in childhood but tend to persist into adolescence and adulthood. 3.While some people with ASD are able to live indep… Read More

von Meyenburg complex - bile duct hamartoma or biliary hamartoma, is a benign tumour like malformation of the liver. They are classically associated with polycystic liver dise… Read More

1.Zika virus disease is caused by a virus transmitted by Aedes mosquitoes. 2.People with Zika virus disease usually have symptoms that can include mild fever, skin rashes, conjunctivitis, m… Read More

Phyllodes tumors (from Greek : phullon leaf), also cystosarcoma phyllodes, cystosarcoma phylloides and phylloides tumor, are typically large, fast-growing… Read More

Seen in Gastric Volvulus 1.Acute epigastric pain 2.Violent ineffective vomiting 3.Inability to pass a nasogastric tube Gastric volvulus or volvulus of stomach is a twistin… Read More

Helicobacter pylori, previously Campylobacter pylori, is a gram negative, microaerophilic bacterium found usually in the stomach. It was identified in 1982 by Australian… Read More

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The surface area of a human lung is equal to that of a tennis court Read More

Zika virus was first identified in Uganda in 1947 in rhesus monkeys Read More

Billiard testis is dense, rounded hard and mobile testis seen in syphilitic orchitis due to interstitial fibrosis Read More

Ninety nine percentage of all testicular tumours are MALIGNANT Read More

In undescended testis, auto transplantation of testis is done to scrotum with micro vascular anastomosis to inferior epigastric vessels Read More

CT GRADE Grade A Normal CT 0 points Grade B .. Focal or diffuse enlargement of the pancreas..1 point Grade C ..Pancreatic gland abnormalities and peripancreatic inflammation ..2 points G… Read More

Ecchymosis below the inguinal ligament in acute pancreatitis Read More

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Influenza is an acute viral infection that spreads easily from person to person.Influenza circulates worldwide and can affect anybody in any age group.Influenza causes annual epidemics tha… Read More

Hepatitis A is a viral liver disease that can cause mild to severe illness.Globally, there are an estimated 1.4 million cases of hepatitis A every year. The hepatitis A virus is transmitte… Read More

The monkeypox virus can cause a fatal disease in humans; it is similar to human smallpox, although typically much less serious.Monkeypox occurs primarily in remote villages in Central and… Read More

Clostridium botulinum is a bacterium that produces dangerous toxins (botulinum toxins) under low-oxygen conditions. Botulinum toxins are one of the most lethal substances known. Botulinum… Read More