INTRODUCTION
Stress refers to the widespread generalized responses of the body to various environmental, physical or social situations it is a force that affects our 6 motions and motives, it is the wear and tear of life, it is called the disease of modern civilizations. It affects people of all ages and can be both good and bad. Each person reacts differently to stress but we all need some stress in order to be active happy and productive.
It is the pattern of specific non specific responses an organism makes to stimulus events that disturb its equilibrium and tax or exieed its ability to cope. The stimulus events meludea large variety of external and internal conditions collectively called stresses. A stressor is a stimulus events that places a demand on a organism for some kind of adaptive response.
A stressor is an environmental stimulus that affects an environmental stimulus that affects an organism in physically or psychologically injurious ways, usually producing anxiety, tension, and physiological that arousal the thru broad types of situation that causes stress are frustration conflict and pressure.
A recent research study found that stress contributes to a person's susceptibility to the common cold (Tyrell and Smith 1993). Stress doesn't directly cause disease, however, it contributes too many diseases, e.g., hearth disease, cancer lung ailments, accidental injuries, (Cirrhosis) of the liver and suicide. In general, stress affects the immune system, making people more vulnerable to disease.
Psychologists want to know how today's increasingly complex life styles affects the physical and psychological well being of individual.
EFFECTS OF CHRONIC STRESS:
The body doesn't distinguish between physical and psychological threats. When you're stressed over a busy schedule, an argument with a friend, a traffic jam, or a mountain of bills, your body reacts just as strongly as if you were facing a life-or-death situation lf you have a lot of responsibilities and worries, your emergency stress response may be "on" most of the time. The more your body’s stress system is activated, the easier it is to trip and .the harder it Is to shut off.
Long-term exposure to stress can lead to serious health problems. Chronic stress disrupts nearly every system in your body. It can raise blood pressure, suppress the immune system, increase the risk of heart attack and stroke, contribute to infertility, and speed up the aging process. Long-terrti stress can even rewire the brain, leaving you more vulnerable to anxiety and depression.
Many health problems are caused or exacerbated by stress, including:
• Pain of any kind
• Depression
• Heart disease
• Obesity
• Digestive problems
• Autoimmune diseases
• Sleep problems
• Skin conditions, such as eczema
How much stress is too much?
Because of the widespread damage stress can cause, it's important to know your own limit. But just how much stress is "too much" differs from person to person. Some people roll with the punches, while others crumble at the slightest obstacle or frustration. Some people even seem to thrive on the excitement and challenge of a high-stress lifestyle.
Your ability to tolerate stress depends on many factors, including the quality of your relationships, your general outlook on life, your emotional intelligence, and genetics.
Physical Reactions
• Aches and pains like headaches, backaches, stomach aches
• Sudden sweating and/or heart palpitations (fluttering)
• Changes in sleep patterns, appetite, interest in sex
• Constipation or diarrhea
• Easily startled by noises or unexpected touch
• More susceptible to colds and illnesses
• Increased use of alcohol or drugs and/or overeating
Emotional Reactions
• Shock and disbelief
• Fear and/or anxiety
• Grief, disorientation, denial
• Hyper-alertness or hypervigilance
• Irritability, restlessness, outbursts of anger or rage
• Emotional swings-like crying and then laughing worrying or ruminating-intrusive thoughts of the trauma
• Nightmares
• Flashbacks -- feeling like the trauma is happening now
• Feelings of helplessness, panic, feeling out of control
• Increased need to control everyday experiences
• Minimizing the experience
• Attempts to avoid anything associated with trauma
• Tendency to isolate oneself
• Feelings of detachment
• Concern over burdening others with problems
• Emotional numbing or restricted range of feelings
• Difficulty trusting and/or feelings of betrayal
• Difficulty concentrating or remembering
• Feelings of selfblame and/or survivor guilt
• Shame
• Diminished interest in everyday activities or depression unpleasant past memories resurfacing
• Loss of a sense of order or fairness in the world; expectation of doom and fear of the future.
HIV/AIDS is spread by:
Having sex with an infected person
• Sharing a needle with someone who is infected.
• Being born when the mother is infected or drinking the breast milk of an infected person.
• Getting a transfusion of infection blood, but now the blood supply is screened very carefully and the risk is low.
HIV/AIDS is not spread by:
• Hugging
• Kissing
• Coughing / Sneezing
• Sharing food or utensils
• Using a common toilet, seats, donating blood
• From swimming pools by mosquito insect bites.
• Using clothes of infected people.
HIV to caused AIDS:
Since 1992. Scientists have estimated that about half the people with HIV develop AIDS 10 year after becoming person to person and can depends on many factors including a persons health status and their health behaviors.
NO definite treatment for AIDS is available yet. There is care for HIV infection or AIDS at present. But there are drugs, which delay the one at of AIDS and help HIV infected to live a longer and full life. The available treatment is very expensive.
Difference between HIV and AIDS
When HIV enters your body it infect your 'CD and Cells' and kills them CD and Cells (some times called T Helper cells) help your body fight of infection and disease usually CD and Cells counts in someone with a healthy immune system range from 500 to 1800.
When one loses CD and Cells, your immune system break down and one cant fight CD and Cell count goes under 200 doctors say one have AIDS. Doctor also say one have AIDS if one have HIV and certain diseases such tuberculosis or Peneumocystis, Carinil, Pneumonia, even if your CD and Cell count Is over 200.
HIV/ AIDS History :
Therefore the present study intend to know degree of anxiety leads adjust mental problems Of HIV / AIDS positive patients.
Stress refers to the widespread generalized responses of the body to various environmental, physical or social situations it is a force that affects our 6 motions and motives, it is the wear and tear of life, it is called the disease of modern civilizations. It affects people of all ages and can be both good and bad. Each person reacts differently to stress but we all need some stress in order to be active happy and productive.
It is the pattern of specific non specific responses an organism makes to stimulus events that disturb its equilibrium and tax or exieed its ability to cope. The stimulus events meludea large variety of external and internal conditions collectively called stresses. A stressor is a stimulus events that places a demand on a organism for some kind of adaptive response.
A stressor is an environmental stimulus that affects an environmental stimulus that affects an organism in physically or psychologically injurious ways, usually producing anxiety, tension, and physiological that arousal the thru broad types of situation that causes stress are frustration conflict and pressure.
A recent research study found that stress contributes to a person's susceptibility to the common cold (Tyrell and Smith 1993). Stress doesn't directly cause disease, however, it contributes too many diseases, e.g., hearth disease, cancer lung ailments, accidental injuries, (Cirrhosis) of the liver and suicide. In general, stress affects the immune system, making people more vulnerable to disease.
Psychologists want to know how today's increasingly complex life styles affects the physical and psychological well being of individual.
EFFECTS OF CHRONIC STRESS:
The body doesn't distinguish between physical and psychological threats. When you're stressed over a busy schedule, an argument with a friend, a traffic jam, or a mountain of bills, your body reacts just as strongly as if you were facing a life-or-death situation lf you have a lot of responsibilities and worries, your emergency stress response may be "on" most of the time. The more your body’s stress system is activated, the easier it is to trip and .the harder it Is to shut off.
Long-term exposure to stress can lead to serious health problems. Chronic stress disrupts nearly every system in your body. It can raise blood pressure, suppress the immune system, increase the risk of heart attack and stroke, contribute to infertility, and speed up the aging process. Long-terrti stress can even rewire the brain, leaving you more vulnerable to anxiety and depression.
Many health problems are caused or exacerbated by stress, including:
• Pain of any kind
• Depression
• Heart disease
• Obesity
• Digestive problems
• Autoimmune diseases
• Sleep problems
• Skin conditions, such as eczema
How much stress is too much?
Because of the widespread damage stress can cause, it's important to know your own limit. But just how much stress is "too much" differs from person to person. Some people roll with the punches, while others crumble at the slightest obstacle or frustration. Some people even seem to thrive on the excitement and challenge of a high-stress lifestyle.
Your ability to tolerate stress depends on many factors, including the quality of your relationships, your general outlook on life, your emotional intelligence, and genetics.
Physical Reactions
• Aches and pains like headaches, backaches, stomach aches
• Sudden sweating and/or heart palpitations (fluttering)
• Changes in sleep patterns, appetite, interest in sex
• Constipation or diarrhea
• Easily startled by noises or unexpected touch
• More susceptible to colds and illnesses
• Increased use of alcohol or drugs and/or overeating
Emotional Reactions
• Shock and disbelief
• Fear and/or anxiety
• Grief, disorientation, denial
• Hyper-alertness or hypervigilance
• Irritability, restlessness, outbursts of anger or rage
• Emotional swings-like crying and then laughing worrying or ruminating-intrusive thoughts of the trauma
• Nightmares
• Flashbacks -- feeling like the trauma is happening now
• Feelings of helplessness, panic, feeling out of control
• Increased need to control everyday experiences
• Minimizing the experience
• Attempts to avoid anything associated with trauma
• Tendency to isolate oneself
• Feelings of detachment
• Concern over burdening others with problems
• Emotional numbing or restricted range of feelings
• Difficulty trusting and/or feelings of betrayal
• Difficulty concentrating or remembering
• Feelings of selfblame and/or survivor guilt
• Shame
• Diminished interest in everyday activities or depression unpleasant past memories resurfacing
• Loss of a sense of order or fairness in the world; expectation of doom and fear of the future.
HIV/AIDS is spread by:
Having sex with an infected person
• Sharing a needle with someone who is infected.
• Being born when the mother is infected or drinking the breast milk of an infected person.
• Getting a transfusion of infection blood, but now the blood supply is screened very carefully and the risk is low.
HIV/AIDS is not spread by:
• Hugging
• Kissing
• Coughing / Sneezing
• Sharing food or utensils
• Using a common toilet, seats, donating blood
• From swimming pools by mosquito insect bites.
• Using clothes of infected people.
HIV to caused AIDS:
Since 1992. Scientists have estimated that about half the people with HIV develop AIDS 10 year after becoming person to person and can depends on many factors including a persons health status and their health behaviors.
NO definite treatment for AIDS is available yet. There is care for HIV infection or AIDS at present. But there are drugs, which delay the one at of AIDS and help HIV infected to live a longer and full life. The available treatment is very expensive.
Difference between HIV and AIDS
When HIV enters your body it infect your 'CD and Cells' and kills them CD and Cells (some times called T Helper cells) help your body fight of infection and disease usually CD and Cells counts in someone with a healthy immune system range from 500 to 1800.
When one loses CD and Cells, your immune system break down and one cant fight CD and Cell count goes under 200 doctors say one have AIDS. Doctor also say one have AIDS if one have HIV and certain diseases such tuberculosis or Peneumocystis, Carinil, Pneumonia, even if your CD and Cell count Is over 200.
HIV/ AIDS History :
Therefore the present study intend to know degree of anxiety leads adjust mental problems Of HIV / AIDS positive patients.
