Branches of Islamic law
Fiqh (Jurisprudence): Fiqh is the branch of Islamic law that deals with the interpretation and application of Sharia principles to specific Legal issues and everyday matters. It is further divided into different schools of thought, such as the Hanafi, Maliki, Shafi'i, and Hanbali schools, and others which are not well known like Zahiria, etc. each with its own interpretations and methodologies.
Ibadat (Worship): This branch of Islamic law focuses on the rituals and acts of worship, including prayer (Salat), fasting (Sawm), almsgiving (Zakat), and pilgrimage (Hajj). It prescribes how Muslims should perform these religious duties.
Mu'amalat (Transactions): Mu'amalat deals with civil and commercial matters, including contracts, business transactions, and financial transactions. It provides guidelines for ethical and fair conduct in economic and social interactions.
Family Law (Ahkam al-Nikah): Family law in Islam governs matters related to marriage, divorce, child custody, and inheritance. It outlines the rights and responsibilities of spouses and family members. Everyone entertains his/her part.
Criminal Law (Jinayat): Islamic criminal law addresses crimes and their punishments. It includes laws related to theft, adultery, apostasy, and other offenses. The application of these laws varies among different Islamic legal systems and countries.
Constitutional and Governance Law (Siyasah Shar'iyyah): This branch of Islamic law deals with principles of governance, including the roles and responsibilities of leaders and rulers, as well as issues related to the state and its organization.
International Law (Siyar): Siyar focuses on relations between Islamic states and non-Muslim states, including treaties(pacts), diplomacy, and rules of engagement during wars and conflicts.
Customary Law (Urf): Urf refers to the customary practices and traditions within a particular Muslim community. It can play a role in legal decisions, especially when no clear Islamic legal precedent exists.
It's important to note that the interpretation and application of Islamic law can vary among different Islamic schools of thought and regions, leading to diverse legal practices within the Muslim world. Additionally, modern legal systems in many Islamic countries incorporate elements of both Islamic law and secular law, which can further complicate the legal landscape.
Summary
From the aforementioned we can perceive that Islamic law connotes many things under it, and it can differ from country to country. Then in the present societies you can discover a Muslim country that uses both Islamic and secular law.
