June 2023 saw several climate indicators reaching alarming levels, indicating that the climate system is tipping towards irreversible changes. Polar ice caps reached record lows, with Antarctic sea ice at its lowest extent ever recorded. The Greenland Ice Sheet experienced a significant melt event, making June 2023 the hottest June on record. Oceans set records for warmth, and large forest areas in Canada burned, causing widespread smoke. Record-breaking heat was observed on every continent, including remote Siberia and Iran. Additionally, the tropical Pacific Ocean is shifting into the warm El Niño phase, which can further increase global temperatures.

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