Kemal Kilicdaroglu, a retired civil servant, has pushed President Recep Tayyip Erdogan into an election runoff - the first of Turkey's post-Ottoman history. Erdogan had held a significant lead in pre-election polls, but Kilicdaroglu's strong campaign effort has resulted in him winning 45 percent of the vote. Erdogan's policies, including the cost-of-living crisis and his refusal to relinquish power, have been blamed for the election loss.

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