MYKOLAIV, Ukraine — More and more indiscriminate Russian shelling that has trapped and traumatized Ukrainian civilians magnified fears on Monday of an intensifying humanitarian disaster that has already left tens of hundreds with out meals, water, energy or warmth in besieged cities of southern Ukraine and elsewhere.

As hopes for even temporary cease-fires flare after which simply as rapidly sputter, the Russian invasion, the largest battle to engulf Europe since World Struggle II, has turned no less than 1.7 million Ukrainians — half of them youngsters — into refugees, in accordance with the United Nations. Many are trapped in their very own cities, pinned down by intense barrages from Russian forces.

In Mariupol, a southeast port in Moscow’s cross hairs, determined residents have gone for days with out meals, water and different necessities. And within the metropolis of Mykolaiv, residents fled their beds for security Monday when stymied Russian forces launched a lethal predawn barrage at a navy barracks.

“They attacked our metropolis dishonorably, cynically, whereas individuals had been sleeping,” Vataliy Kim, the governor of the Mykolaiv area, Mentioned in a Fb posting.

With a 3rd spherical of negotiations between Ukraine and Russia ending inconclusively on Monday, the preventing raged on. Late within the night, the commander in chief of Ukraine’s navy, Valery Zaluzhny, mentioned warplanes and an antiaircraft missile had downed two Russian planes close to Kyiv, the capital. A number of giant explosions had been heard in Kyiv, nevertheless it was not instantly doable to verify the commander’s account.

Though it’s typically arduous to confirm the competing claims of success on the battlefield, there’s common settlement that Russia’s navy has didn’t take any main metropolis in its effort to subdue the Western-leaning nation that President Vladimir V. Putin has vowed to subjugate.

Although many occasions bigger than their adversary and having fun with extra superior weapons and air superiority, Russian forces have turn into slowed down nearly in all places, battling logistical issues, obvious poor troop morale and tactical errors that Ukrainian troops have exploited.

Unable to make main navy good points, the Russians are finishing up a marketing campaign of indiscriminate bombing that’s terrorizing the residents of Ukrainian cities and villages.

In Mariupol, Anton Gerashchenko, an adviser to the Ukrainian authorities, mentioned town had neither drugs, warmth nor a functioning water system. Makes an attempt to distribute provides and assist individuals evacuate had been scrapped over the weekend within the face of Russian bombardment.

Medical doctors With out Borders, the medical charity that works in battle zones, mentioned it had acquired “harrowing experiences” from employees members trapped in Mariupol. “Protected passage for these prepared and in a position to escape ought to be urgently assured in Mariupol and throughout warfare affected areas inside Ukraine,” the group mentioned in an announcement.

Officers on the United Nations, which thus far has been powerless to cease the warfare, pleaded for combatants to pause lengthy sufficient for trapped civilians to go away battle zones. “Dependable and predictable ‘home windows of silence’ and ‘protected passage’ are urgently wanted to relocate individuals whose lives are in danger,” mentioned Amin Awad, the U.N. disaster coordinator for Ukraine.

On Monday, the Kremlin supplied an evacuation plan of its personal, galling Ukrainian leaders. Ukrainian civilians, it mentioned, ought to be taken to Russia — that’s, to the invader — or to its ally Belarus. Ukrainian officers denounced the proposal as propaganda, and mentioned it was meant to distract consideration from the Russian shelling of areas the place civilians try to flee.

The heavy Western financial sanctions slapped on Russia in response to the invasion threatened to develop much more intense on Monday as American lawmakers superior a bipartisan measure to droop regular commerce relations with Moscow and ban U.S. purchases of Russian oil.

The mere chance of such motion, which might severely limit a vital Russian export, despatched world oil costs above $119 a barrel, the very best in 14 years, and helped push common gasoline costs above $4 a gallon in america. The inventory market had its worst day since October 2020.

With Mr. Putin demonstrating resolve to impose Soviet-style suppression to manage the narrative of the warfare at dwelling, most indicators pointed to a worsening battle that dangers spilling into Ukraine’s NATO alliance neighbors. That improvement would pose an excessive check for President Biden and will put america and Russia, which have the world’s largest nuclear weapons arsenals, on a trajectory towards direct fight.

“Don’t speak to me about half full/half empty: I’m somebody who’s typically completely satisfied there’s water within the glass,” Ian Bremmer, president of the Eurasia Group, a political threat analysis group, mentioned in a e-newsletter to readers and purchasers in regards to the Ukraine disaster. “However I’m decidedly anxious about the place the battle with Russia is heading.”

Secretary of State Antony J. Blinken, who was touring NATO’s small Baltic state members on Monday to guarantee them of the U.S. dedication to their protection, acquired a considerably skeptical reception. Lithuania’s president, Gitanas Nauseda, informed Mr. Blinken that strengthening navy deterrence within the Baltics is “now not sufficient” to dissuade Mr. Putin, who has mentioned he needs NATO forces to vacate all the previous Soviet-bloc republics in Japanese Europe.

Ukraine’s president, Volodymyr Zelensky, who has outmaneuvered Russian makes an attempt to painting him as weak and intimidated, mentioned he anticipated extra heavy shelling of Ukrainian cities within the coming days. Already, mentioned certainly one of his advisers, Mykhailo Podoliak, 202 faculties, 34 hospitals and greater than 1,500 residential buildings have been destroyed because the warfare started. Almost 1,000 cities and villages have been utterly disadvantaged of sunshine, water and warmth, he mentioned.

Mr. Zelensky spoke from his workplace in Kyiv on Monday evening, the primary time he had been seen there because the Russian invasion started on Feb. 24. In a video posted on Facebook, he mentioned he was not in hiding and never afraid of anybody.

In Mykolaiv, the southern metropolis that lies instantly within the path of Russian forces driving towards Odessa, the famed Black Sea port, the invading military unleashed a ferocious artillery assault early Monday that struck residential neighborhoods with rockets and despatched streams of individuals operating for security.

About 5 a.m., town awoke to a barrage that lit the predawn sky. Residents sheltered in basements and truckloads of Ukrainian troops rushed to the east of town, the place the preventing gave the impression to be heaviest. At one level through the day, a fierce tank battle erupted between Russian forces and Ukrainian troops defending Mykolaiv’s airport, with blasts that reverberated all through town.

The preliminary assault killed no less than eight Ukrainian troopers, who had been sleeping of their barracks once they had been struck by a Kalibr cruise missile, mentioned Mr. Kim, the Mykolaiv area’s governor. One other 19 had been wounded and eight had been nonetheless unaccounted for, he mentioned.

By night, the weapons had died down, and Ukrainian officers declared that their forces had as soon as once more repelled the Russian onslaught.

“They’re retreating and operating away,” Mr. Kim mentioned, although this might not be independently verified. “Nothing stays of their tanks, so far as I perceive.”

The governor mentioned a gaggle of about 20 Russian troopers had fled into the forest, and he urged residents to name the police ought to they encounter them.

Although probably the most intense shelling of the day in Mykolaiv occurred at frontline positions, rockets additionally rained down on civilian neighborhoods.

A number of landed in dense condominium blocks within the far east of town, shattering home windows and sending shrapnel via partitions and residential home equipment. There have been no speedy experiences of accidents, however residents had been shaken, typically invoking Mr. Putin’s title with a torrent of profanity.

“Inform Putin that he’s killing peaceable individuals,” Olga Korolyova, 48, mentioned via sobs as she stood within the kitchen of her damaged dwelling.

The glass had been blown out of Ms. Korolyova’s entrance window and her entrance door had been destroyed. When the rockets struck, she mentioned, she hid in her toilet.

“He thinks that we’re to undergo him?” she mentioned of the Russian president. “I would like him to undergo what I went via this morning.”

Viktor Voroboi had simply returned to his mattress after an early-morning cigarette on his balcony when a rocket hit, blowing out the balcony glass and showering him with particles. A day earlier than, he had moved his mom into his condominium after her personal neighborhood was bombed. Neither of them was injured Monday.

“I used to be fortunate,” Mr. Voroboi mentioned, his voice nonetheless shaking. “It means an angel is defending me.”

Residents of an condominium block sheltered in a basement that usually serves as a fitness center; the sound of artillery hearth shook the partitions. Considered one of them, Margarita Andreyeva, accused Russia of tarnishing what she described as a sacred victory over the Nazis in World Struggle II, when the Ukrainians and the Russians fought collectively.

“Now, Germany is giving us weapons to defend ourselves from the Russians,” she mentioned. “That is absurd. What would our grandfathers assume?”

Michael Schwirtz reported from Mykolaiv, Andrew E. Kramer from Kyiv and Rick Gladstone from New York. Reporting was contributed by Marc Santorafrom Lviv, Ukraine; Lara Jakes from Vilnius, Lithuania; Farnaz Fassihi and Jesus Jiménez from New York; and Ana Swanson from Washington.