OSMANGAZİ 

1. Murat, Osmanlı Devleti Padişahları'ndan üçüncüsüdür ve 1362 yılında tahta geçmiştir. Anadolu'daki faaliyetlerden çok Balkan fetihlerine önem veren I. Murad, Bizans ve Bulgar kuvvetlerini 1363 Sazlıdere Savaşı'nda yenerek Edirne'yi aldı. Daha sonra Gümülcine ve Filibe alındı ve İstanbul yönünde Osmanlı kuvvetleri Çatalca'ya kadar geldiler. Edirne ve Filibe'nin ele geçmesi ile Bizans'ın Balkanlarla bağlantısı kesilmiştir. Bu fetihler Balkan milletlerini endişelendirmiştir. Bu şehirleri geri almak ve Türkleri Rumeli'den atmak isteyen Macar, Bulgar, Sırp, Eflak ve Bosna kuvvetleri Osmanlılar'a karşı bir haçlı ordusu oluşturarak Edirne üzerine yürüdüler. Haçlıların Meriç nehrini geçmelerinden sonra Hacı İlbey gece yarısı ani bir baskınla Haçlılar'ı Sırp Sındığı Savaşı'nda yendi (1364). Böylece, Osmanlı Devleti'ne karşı oluşturulan ilk Haçlı ittifakı başarısız oldu. Savaş sonrasında Edirne başkent yapılmıştır.Sultan Birinci Murad, Birinci Kosova Savaşı’ndan sonra savaş alanını gezerken, Sırp Asilzâdesi Milos Obraviç (Sırp Kralı Lazar’ın damadı) tarafından hançerlenerek şehit oldu (1389).

OTTOMANS EMPIRE SULTANS 1.MURAD
1. Murat is the third of the Sultans of the Ottoman State and was enthroned in 1362. Attaching importance to Balkan conquests rather than activities in Anatolia, Murad I defeated Byzantine and Bulgarian forces in 1363 Sazlıdere War and took Edirne. Later, Komotini and Plovdiv were taken and the Ottoman forces came to Catalca in the direction of Istanbul. By the capture of Edirne and Plovdiv, Byzantium was disconnected from the Balkans. These conquests worried the Balkan nations. Hungarian, Bulgarian, Serbian, Wallachia and Bosnian forces marched against Edirne by forming a crusader army against the Ottomans, who wanted to take these cities back and expel the Turks from Rumelia. After the Crusaders crossed the Meriç river, Hacı İlbey defeated the Crusaders in the Battle of Serbian Test (1364) with a sudden raid at midnight. Thus, the first Crusader alliance against the Ottoman State failed. After the war, Edirne was made the capital. Sultan First Murad, while touring the battlefield after the First Kosovo War, was martyred by the Serbian Nobleman Milos Obravic (son-in-law of the Serbian King Lazarus) (1389).

OTTOMANS SULTANS 1.YILDIRIM BAYEZID
Sultan Murad I, Sultan Murad I, was martyred by Milos Obilic, a Serbian noble at the end of this war, and passed to the Ottoman throne with the joint decision of the notables of the state.
Yıldırım Bayezid headed for Anatolia right after the throne. He took all Anatolian Principalities, except Dulkadiroğulları and Ramazanoğulları, under political sovereignty. Thus, the Anatolian Turkish political union was largely achieved for the first time.
Yıldırım Bayezid surrounded Istanbul four times; however, these sieges were not successful. Güzelce Hisarı (Anadolu Hisarı) was built to make these sieges effective. Yildırım Bayezid was the first Ottoman sultan to surround Istanbul. 1402 Ankara War, Baghdad Celayirs ruler Ahmet Celayir and Karakoyunlu ruler escaped from Kara Yusuf Timur and took refuge in Yıldırım Bayezid. In addition, Anatolian principalities asked Timur for help against Bayezid. These events mobilized Timur and Timur destroyed Sivas, which belongs to the Ottoman State. Yıldırım Bayezid, on the other hand, burned down Erzincan, which belongs to Timur. Intermittent letters and the desire of both rulers to dominate the Turkish world made the Ankara War inevitable. A great war took place in Ankara's Çubuk Plain in 1402. As a result of the betrayal of the Karatatars and the Anatolian Turkish Principalities affiliated with the Ottoman State, the Ottoman State suffered a severe defeat. Yıldırım was captured by Timur and passed away soon. The Anatolian Turkish union was broken. Principalities were re-established. (II. Principalities Period)
The Ottoman central authority was shaken. The state was in danger of collapse. The fight for the throne started among the sons of Yıldırım. This period of confusion is called the Fetret Age (1402-1413).

OTTOMANS SULTANS 1.MEHMED
The father of Yıldırım I, who was the 5th Sultan of the Ottoman State, the father of the First Mehmet (Çelebi mehmet), Yıldırım Bayezıd, Mother Hatuncu Çelebi Mehmet Yıldırım Beyazıd, who was captured by Timura during the Ankara War in 1402, was among the sons of Yıldırım Beyazıd in history. It is also known as the second founder of the Ottoman state, as it removed the state from the depressed years from the known throne fights that lasted 11 years.
Sultan Mehmed Celebi was paralyzed, fell and injured on horseback during a hunting hunt in Edirne on May 26, 1421. On his deathbed, Veziriazam called Amasyalı Beyazıd Pasha and his viziers İvaz Pasha and Çandarli İbrahim Pasha.
“Bring my thesis son Murat. I can't get out of this mattress. If I die before Murat arrives, fitna will go out. Supply, hide my death. ”He was afraid of Düzmece Mustafa, who was in Thessaloniki most of all, and he was hidden for 42 days until Murat, who was the governor of Amasya, reached Bursa. In order to appease the soldiers, who are suspicious of their situation and whose revolts were hardly prevented, a parade was made and it was rumored that his mummified corpse was dressed in a robe, his head was placed in front of a window and his arms were played, and his funeral was taken from Bursa to Edirne after coming to Bursa and coming to the throne. He was buried in the Green Tomb.

Fatih Sultan II. Mehmed  27 Receb 835 (30 Mart 1432) Pazar günü şafak vaktinde, devletin başkenti olan Edirne’de, II. Murad’ın dördüncü oğlu olarak dünyaya geldi. Annesi Hüma Hatun, dır ve 3 Mayıs 1481’de ölmüştür, Osmanlı İmparatorluğu’nun yedinci padişahıdır. Tarihî kaynaklarda ismi Muhammed şeklinde geçer.İlk olarak 1444-46 yılları arasında kısa bir dönem, daha sonra 1451’den 1481 yılında ölümüne kadar 30 yıl boyunca hüküm sürdü.II. Mehmed, 21 yaşında İstanbul’u fethederek 1000 yıllık Bizans İmparatorluğu’na son verdi ve bu olay birçok tarihçi tarafından Orta Çağ’ın sonu Yeni Çağ’ın başlangıcı olarak kabul edildi.

OTTOMANS SULTANS FATİH SULTANS MEHMED
At the age of 17, II. Murat was not recognized by the principalities in Anatolia. An uprising was launched against him, but in turn II. Murat sent envoys and applied to the politics of calming. When this policy did not work, II. Murat secured himself at sea with the help of the Genoese.
II, who was on the throne for 30 years. Murad was born in 1402. He was 19 when he came to the throne. It is said that he admires the courage of the Europeans. He is also the father of Fatih Sultan Mehmet. As soon as Murat ascended the throne, his first job was to suppress the rebellion in Albania and had Paleologists accept their nationality.
In 1450, he married his son Mehmet Dulkadıroğlu Süleyman Bey's daughter Sitti Hatun and a big wedding was held in Edirne. One year after the wedding, II. Murat was ill and died, he was 48 years old.

Sultan Second Bayezid was born on December 3, 1448 in Dimetoka. His father, Sultan of the World, Fatih Sultan Mehmed Han, is a Turkish daughter named Mükrime Hatun. He had a tall, wide-chested and strong body. Her face was round and her eyes were thin. He was brave and aggressive. At the same time, he was a very benevolent and religious sultan.In addition to his Islamic sciences, he also studied mathematics and philosophy. Sultan Second Bayezid's son, Prince Selim, removed his father from the throne and sent him into exile. II on April 24, 1512. Bayezid announced that he had waived the throne on behalf of his son Selim. Thus, after the death of his father, II. Bayezid was withdrawn from the throne under the pressure of his son after a long reign. II. As Bayezid leaves his throne to his son, he says the following:
“Do not leave justice, be merciful to helpless and helpless. Show compassion to the lonely, respect the ulema if you want everybody to be with you, do not be harsh on anyone unless necessary.

Babası 2. Bayezid'in sancak beyi olarak bulunduğu Amasya'da 10 Ekim 1470'te doğan 9. Osmanlı Padişahı Yavuz Sultan Selim, 1510 yılına kadar Trabzon sancak beyliği yaptı. Şehzade Selim, kardeşi Ahmed'i tahta geçirmeye hazırlandığını öğrenindiği babasının ordusuyla karşı karşıya geldi. Bu sırada İstanbul'da yeniçeriler Şehzade Ahmed'i istemediklerini ve Selim'i desteklediklerini ilan etti. Bazı vezir ve paşaların da baskısı sonucu 2. Bayezid, tahtından Selim lehine feragat etmek zorunda kaldı. Böylece Şehzade Selim, 24 Nisan 1512'de 9. Osmanlı hükümdarı olarak tahta çıktı. 24 Ocak 1517'de Kahire'nin alınmasından sonra Yavuz Sultan Selim Kahire'de Memlük Devleti'ne bağlı bulunan Abbasilerden halifeliği aldı. Yavuz Sultan Selim'in halifeliği alması ile Kahire'de bulunan kutsal emanetler Osmanlı Devleti'nin başkenti olan İstanbul'a getirildi. Osmanlı Devleti, İslam dininde bağlayıcılık ve güç sağlayan halifelik kurumunu ele geçirdi, Böylece ilk halife olan Osmanlı padişahı Yavuz Sultan Selim oldu. 12 Eylül 1520'de "Aslan Pençesi" adı verilen bir çıban yüzünden vefat etti. Fatih Camii'nde kılınan cenaze namazından sonra Sultan Selim Camii'ndeki türbeye defnedildi. Ölümünden sonra yerine oğlu Kanuni Sultan Süleyman geçti.

The 9th Ottoman Sultan Yavuz Sultan Selim, who was born on 10 October 1470 in Amasya, where his father, Bayezid was the sanjak, was the sanjak of Trabzon until 1510. Prince Selim confronted his father's army, where he learned that he was preparing to put his brother Ahmed on the throne. Meanwhile, the janissaries in Istanbul declared that they do not want Prince Ahmed and support Selim. As a result of the pressure of some viziers and pashas, ​​Bayezid had to waive his throne in favor of Selim. Thus, Prince Selim came to the throne on April 24, 1512 as the 9th Ottoman ruler. After the capture of Cairo on January 24, 1517, Yavuz Sultan Selim received the caliphate from the Abbasids who were affiliated with the Mamluk State in Cairo. With the success of Yavuz Sultan Selim, the sacred relics in Cairo were brought to Istanbul, the capital of the Ottoman State. The Ottoman Empire conquered the caliphate institution, which provided binding and power in the Islamic religion. Thus, the first caliph was the Ottoman sultan Yavuz Sultan Selim. He died on September 12, 1520, because of a boil called "The Lion's Claw". After the funeral prayer performed in Fatih Mosque, he was buried in the tomb in Sultan Selim Mosque. After his death, his son Kanuni Sultan Süleyman was replaced.

Kanûnî Sultan Süleyman 27 Nisan 1495 Pazartesi günü Trabzon'da doğmuştur.Babası Yavuz Sultan Selim, annesi Hafsa Hatun'dur.Yavuz Sultan Selim'in 1512 de tahta geçmesi üzerine İstanbul'a çağırılan Şehzade Süleyman, babasının kardeşleriyle mücadeleleri sırasında İstanbul'da kalarak babasına vekalet etti. Bu sırada Saruhan sancakbeyliğinde de bulundu. Babası Yavuz Sultan Selim'in ölümü üzerine, 30 Eylül 1520'de 25 yaşındayken Osmanlı tahtına geçti. Kendisinden başka erkek kardeşi olmadığı için tahta geçişi kolay ve çatışmasız oldu. Çok ciddi ve kendinden emin bir padişah olan Kanûnî Sultan Süleyman, azim ve irade sahibiydi. Yapacağı işlerde hiç acele etmez, gayet geniş düşünür ve verdiği emirden asla geri dönmezdi. İş başına getireceği adamlara, kabiliyet derecelerine göre görev verirdi.Kanuni Sultan Süleyman 1566 yılında hasta olduğu halde on üçüncü ve son seferi olan Zigetvar üzerine sefere çıktı. Bu sırada yetmiş iki yaşındaydı ve hükümdarlığının kırk altıncı yılındaydı. Zigetvar şehri etrafı surlarla ve nehirle çevrili üç kısımdan oluşuyordu. Bu yüzden hemen netice alınamadı. Kuşatmanın son gününe yaklaşıldığında hastalığı iyice artan hükümdar 6-7 Eylül 1566 gecesi sabaha doğru vefat etti.Kanuni Sultan Süleyman'ın ölümü dahiyane bir şekilde kırk sekiz gün gizlenmiş böylece ortaya çıkabilecek vahim sonuçların önüne geçilmiştir

OTTOMANS EMPIRE SULTAN KANUNI SULTANS SÜLEİMAN
Kanûnî Sultan Süleyman was born on Monday, April 27, 1495 in Trabzon. His father, Yavuz Sultan Selim, was his mother Hafsa Hatun. Şehzade Süleyman, who was called to Istanbul upon the arrival of Yavuz Sultan Selim in 1512, remained in Istanbul during his father's struggles with his brothers. He acted as the attorney. Meanwhile, Saruhan was also in sancakbey. Upon the death of his father Yavuz Sultan Selim, he passed to the Ottoman throne on September 30, 1520, when he was 25 years old. The transition to the throne was easy and without conflict because he had no other brother than him. Kanûnî Sultan Süleyman, who was a very serious and confident sultan, had determination and willpower. He would not be in a hurry in his works, would think very broadly and never return from his orders. He would serve the men he would bring to work, according to their degree of ability. By this time he was seventy-two years old and was in the forty-sixth year of his reign. The city of Zigetvar consisted of three parts surrounded by walls and rivers. Therefore, no results could be obtained immediately. When the last day of the siege was approached, the monarch, whose illness increased, passed away on the night of 6-7 September 1566, the death of Kanuni Sultan Süleyman was ingeniously hidden for forty-eight days, thereby avoiding any serious consequences.

Sultan İkinci Selim, 28 Mayıs 1524’de, İstanbul’da doğdu. Babası Kanûnî Sultan Süleyman, annesi Hürrem Sultan’dır. Sultan İkinci Selim, orta boylu, açık alınlı, mavi gözlü, ince kaslı ve sarışındı. Şehzadeliğinde mükemmel bir tahsil ve terbiye ile yetiştirildi. Devlet idaresini iyice öğrenmek için de Anadolu’nun çeşitli yerlerinde sancakbeyliği yaptı. Bu sırada tahsiline devam ederek, ilim ve tecrübesini arttırdı. Sarı Selim olarak da anılan İkinci Selim, Kütahya sancakbeyi iken babası Cihan Padişahı Kanûnî Sultan Süleyman’ın ölüm haberi üzerine İstanbul’a gelerek 30 Eylül 1566 günü kırk iki yaşında tahta geçti. Sarı Selim, daha önceki Osmanlı sultanlarına göre silik ve zayıf bir hükümdar olarak tanınır. Babasının saltanatı sırasında diğer kardeşleri Şehzade Bayezid ve Şehzade Mustafa’nın bertaraf edilmesiyle kolayca tahta geçen Sultan İkinci Selim, adını aldığı dedesi Yavuz Sultan Selim ve Babası Kanûnî’ye göre oldukça silik bir idare sergilemiştir. Devrin büyük devlet adamları sayesinde Osmanlı Devleti ihtişamını sürdürmüş, Sokullu Mehmed Paşa gibi dirayetli ve tecrübeli vezirler hükûmeti ayakta tutmuşlardır. Sultan İkinci Selim’in kendisi hiç sefere çıkmamış ve liyakatlı olmayan Ali Paşa’nın Kaptan-ı Deryalığında İnebahtı faciası yaşanmıştır. Sekiz yıl padişahlık yaptıktan sonra 15 Aralık 1574 günü vefat etti.

OTTOMANS EMPIRE SULTANS SELIM
Sultan Selim II was born on May 28, 1524 in Istanbul. His father is Kanûnî Sultan Süleyman and his mother is Hürrem Sultan. Sultan Selim II was of medium height, fair forehead, blue eyes, thin muscular and blond. He was brought up with an excellent education and training in his prince. He also worked as a sancakbey in various parts of Anatolia to learn the state administration thoroughly. Meanwhile, he continued his education and increased his knowledge and experience. Second Selim, also known as Yellow Selim, was the sanjakey of Kütahya and came to Istanbul upon the death news of his father, Cihan Sultan Sultan Suleyman, and passed the throne at the age of forty-two on September 30, 1566. Yellow Selim is known as a faint and weak ruler compared to previous Ottoman sultans. During the reign of his father, Sultan Selim II, who easily entered the throne with the elimination of his other brothers Şehzade Bayezid and Şehzade Mustafa, exhibited a very faint administration compared to his grandfather Yavuz Sultan Selim and his father Kanûnî. Thanks to the great statesmen of the period, the Ottoman Empire continued its magnificence, and the strong and experienced viziers like Sokullu Mehmed Pasha kept the government alive. Sultan Selim II never went on a journey and there was a disaster in the Captain-ı Deryay of Ali Pasha, who was not merit. He passed away on December 15, 1574 after serving as sultan for eight years.

12. III. Murad

II. Şehzade Murat, the son of Selim, was born in Manisa in 1546. After receiving his first education at the place of his birth, he was sent to the province of Aydın as a starboard. Then he went to Akşehir, from there to Konya and finally to Saruhan, where he was an administrator until he became a sultan. During this 12-year term, the administration did not interfere with the affairs, and already lived a comfortable life as the only heir to the throne.
Sultan Murad III, who remained on the throne for 20 years at the age of 29, suffered a stroke and died on January 16, 1595. He was buried in the courtyard of the Hagia Sophia Mosque. III, where Sokullu Mehmed Pasha felt his weight. During the Murad period, the Ottoman lands reached their widest limits.

OTTOMANS EMPIRE 3. MEHMED
III. Mehmed was born on May 26, 1566, from Safiye Sultan in the Sart plain of Manisa. According to a rumor, Şehzade Murad had asked his father, Kanunî Sultan Süleyman, who was on the expedition to name his newborn grandson. Kanunî, who received this blessed news when he came within the range of Tatarpazarcığı, also, II. Murad Han's son Fatih Sultan named Mehmed by thinking of Mehmed. After the visits to the tombs on the day showing the date of 27 October 1603, he heard the dervish shouting one of the dervishes behind him. Derviş stated that after fifty-six days there would be a big event and that he should not be off guard:
"Don't stop your days, the death is very close," he said. On 18 December, the disease of the sultan increased. Although there are some rumors about the death disease lasting four or five days, the cause of the disease is not known exactly. However, he suffered the greatest sadness as a result of the fate of his son Mahmud. Mehmed bin Mehmed er-Rûmî states that he suffered from stomach upset caused by obesity. In some sources it is noted that he died as a result of a heart attack Fifty-six days later, the words of the dervish came true and III. Mehmed Han passed away when he was thirty-seven (21 December 1603)