Boris Johnson is facing the largest threat to his premiership as calls mount for his resignation and a steady stream of letters of no confidence are handed in.
Twelve Conservative MPs have now publicly called on the Prime Minister to quit, while some – including Sir Nick Gibb, Anthony Mangnall and Tobias Ellwood – have confirmed they have sent or will send a letter to Sir Graham Brady, the chairman of the 1922 Committee.
The Prime Minister rejected accusations on Tuesday that he lied to Parliament over allegations of attending a Covid-rule breaking party in No 10 on May 20, 2020, insisting that "nobody told me that what we were doing was against the rules".
But both his explanation and subsequent remarks about Sir Keir Starmer, the Labour leader, when addressing MPs about the Sue Gray update have done little to quell mutiny among some of his backbenchers.
Douglas Ross, the Scottish Tories leader, said the PM's position was "no longer tenable" in the wake of the "partygate" scandal - which has seen the Prime Minister repeatedly apologise amid a police investigation into reports of parties at Downing Street - while William Wragg said MPs were "frankly worn out of defending what is invariably indefensible".
But a number of Cabinet ministers have also rallied behind the Prime Minister to publicly shore up his support.
Below is the full list of Tory MPs who have called on Mr Johnson to stand down so far:
1. Douglas Ross, Leader of the Scottish Tories
"I said if the Prime Minister attended this gathering, event in Downing Street on May 20 2020, he could not continue as Prime Minister so, regretfully, I have to say his position is no longer tenable," Mr Ross said earlier this month.
"There was one simple question to answer yesterday, indeed, from Monday night when we saw this invitation which was to more than 100 people asking them to join others in the Downing Street garden and bring their own booze.
"If the Prime Minister was there, and he accepted today that he was, then I felt he could not continue.
"What we also heard from the Prime Minister today was an apology and he said with hindsight he would have done things differently, which for me is an acceptance from the Prime Minister that it was wrong and therefore, I don't want to be in this position, but I am in this position now, where I don't think he can continue as leader of the Conservatives."
2. William Wragg - MP for Hazel Grove and Vice-Chairman of the 1922 Committee
Mr Wragg suggested Mr Johnson should take the decision to resign himself. He told the BBC that it was "a tragedy things have come to pass in this way", adding: "Unfortunately, I wasn't reassured. I fear this is simply going to be a continuing distraction to the good governance of the country."
He said it would be "preferable" for Mr Johnson to offer his resignation himself as MPs were "tired" and "frankly worn out of defending what is invariably indefensible".
"I don't believe it should be left to the findings of a civil servant to determine the future of the Prime Minister and indeed who governs this country. I think it is for the Conservative Party, if not the Prime Minister, in fact, to make that decision, and to realise what is in the best interest, so that we can move forward both as a party and a country," he said.
He added that "no doubt the Prime Minister is reflecting deeply on what has happened, but I cannot in all sincerity see a way where these issues go away".
"It is deeply unfortunate, but I'm afraid it is... the inevitable conclusion is the only way to do that is with a change," he said.
3. David Davis - MP for Haltemprice and Howden
David Davis, the former Brexit Secretary, called on the Prime Minister to resign in a stinging rebuke during Prime Minister's Questions on Wednesday.
Mr Davis told Mr Johnson he had spent weeks defending him from "angry constituents", including by reminding them of the "successes of Brexit".
"I expect my leaders to shoulder the responsibility for the actions they take. Yesterday he did the opposite of that. So, I will remind him of a quotation which may be familiar to his ear: Leopold Amery to Neville Chamberlain," he said.
"You have sat too long here for any good you have been doing. In the name of God, go."
4. Sir Roger Gale - MP for North Thanet
Sir Roger, 78, has been the Conservative MP for North Thanet since 1983.
"I'm sorry, you don't have 'bring a bottle' work events in Downing Street, so far as I'm aware," he said. "And you don't have 'bring a bottle' work events that are advertised or invited by the Prime Minister's private secretary.
"The Prime Minister said on Dec 8 from the despatch box that he was reliably assured that there were no parties - well, we now know there was at least one party and probably more, and that at least one of them, the one he spent at least 25 minutes at, he attended.
"So he knew there was a party, so he misled the House. He said he believed there were no parties but he attended one - how do you square that circle?"
He added: "I think the time has come for either the Prime Minister to go with dignity as his choice, or for the 1922 Committee to intervene."
5. Caroline Nokes - MP Romsey and Southampton North
Ms Nokes was the fourth Tory MP to call for Mr Johnson to resign, telling ITV's Peston that the Prime Minister had "put himself in an impossible position".
"The message I've had from my constituents is they feel let down they feel disappointed, and I know how hard they worked through the pandemic to abide by the rules," she said.
"They now see that the Prime Minister wasn't in it together with them, that the rules were being broken in Downing Street, and that's very serious."
Ms Nokes said she recognised Mr Johnson "did a fantastic job" at the 2019 election, but she said: "Now regretfully, he looks like a liability, and I think he either goes now, or he goes in three years' time at a general election, and it's up to the party to decide which way around that's going to be. I know my thoughts are is that he's damaging us now."
6. Andrew Bridgen - MP for North West Leicestershire
Mr Bridgen, who backed Mr Johnson to be leader in June 2019, said he should stand aside within three months.
Writing for The Telegraph, Mr Bridgen warned of "a moral vacuum at the heart of our Government" in the wake of the "partygate" revelations, adding: "Sadly, the Prime Minister's position has become untenable."
7. Tim Loughton - MP for East Worthing
Tim Loughton, a former minister, publicly called for Mr Johnson to quit and said: "I am very angry too."
"Frankly the issue for me is not how many sausage rolls or glasses of Prosecco the Prime Minister actually consumed.
"The reason for my conclusion in calling for him to stand down is the way that he has handled the mounting revelations in the last few weeks."
8. Aaron Bell - MP for Newcastle-under-Lyme
Aaron Bell, who was elected in December 2019 as part of Mr Johnson's landslide election victory, told the Sunday Times he had submitted a letter of no confidence, and on Feb 4 issued a statement confirming his.
He said that he was "profoundly disappointed that it has come to this" after backing the Prime Minister through Brexit, the vaccine roll-out and levelling up.
Mr Bell said that the events in Downing Street and "the manner in which they were handled" now meant that Mr Johnson's position was "untenable".
As the Prime Minister addressed MPs about Sue Gray's update on alleged breaches of lockdown rules at Downing Street and across Government, Mr Bell told MPs: "It seems a lot of people attended events in May 2020 - the one I recall attending was my grandmother's funeral.
"She was a wonderful woman. As well as a love for her family she served her community as a councillor and she served Dartford Conservative Association loyally for many years.
"I drove for three hours from Staffordshire to Kent, there were only 10 at the funeral, many people who loved her had to watch online. I didn't hug my siblings, I didn't hug my parents, I gave the eulogy and then afterwards I didn't even go to her house for cup of tea. I drove back three hours from Kent to Staffordshire. Does the Prime Minister think I'm a fool?"
Mr Bell said he wrote his letter after Prime Minister's Questions on January 12, "when I could not square the Prime Minister's words from the despatch box with his previous statements to the House before Christmas. Subsequently I have also struggled to reconcile assurances given directly to me with the implication of Sue Gray's interim findings.
"As someone who backed Brexit and backed Boris Johnson for the leadership in 2019, I am profoundly disappointed that it has come to this."
He praised the Government's successes on levelling up, which has seen Newcastle-under-Lyme given almost £35 million by ministers, but branded Boris Johnson's position "untenable".
9. Peter Aldous - MP for Waveney
In a Twitter thread on Weds, Feb 1, Mr Aldous wrote: "After a great deal of soul-searching, I have reached the conclusion that the Prime Minister should resign.
"It is clear that he has no intention of doing so and I have therefore written to the Chairman of the 1922 Committee of Backbench Conservative MPs, advising him that I have no confidence in the Prime Minister as Leader of the Conservative Party.
"I have never taken such action before and had hoped that I would not be put in such an invidious position. Whilst I am conscious that others will disagree with me, I believe that this is in the best interests of the country, the Government and the Conservative Party."
10. Tobias Ellwood - chairman of the defence select committee and MP for Bournemouth East
A vote of no confidence in Boris Johnson is now "inevitable", Tobias Ellwood has said as he confirmed he will submit a letter to the 1922 Committee later today.
Mr Ellwood told Sky News the ongoing row over alleged parties at Downing Street was "horrible" for Conservative MPs to continue to have to defend to the British public, and attacked "rushed policy announcements" from No 10.
"I don't think the Prime Minister realises how worried colleagues are in every corner of the party, backbenchers and ministers alike that this is all only going one way," Mr Ellwood told Sky News.
"I believe it's time for the Prime Minister to take a grip of this, he himself should call a vote of confidence rather than waiting for the inevitable 54 letters to be eventually submitted. It's time to resolve this completely, so the party can get on with governing.
"And yes, I know the next question you'll ask, I will be submitting my letter today to the 1922 Committee."
He also criticised Boris Johnson's claims about Sir Keir Starmer in relation to Jimmy Savile on Monday, adding: "We must seek to improve our standards."
11. Anthony Mangnall - MP for Totnes
On Weds, Feb 2, Anthony Mangnall confirmed he had submitted a letter of no confidence in the Prime Minister.
"Standards in public life matter," he wrote on social media in light of Mr Johnson doubling down on his claims about Sir Keir and Savile at Prime Minister's Questions.
"At this time I can no longer support the PM.
"His actions and mistruths are overshadowing the extraordinary work of so many excellent ministers and colleagues. I have submitted a letter of no confidence."
12. Sir Gary Streeter - MP for South West Devon
Sir Gary Streeter became the third Conservative MP to submit a letter of no confidence in Boris Johnson on Weds, Feb 2 after the update issued by Sue Gray.
"I cannot reconcile the pain and sacrifice of the vast majority of the British public during lockdown with the attitude and activities of those working in Downing Street," wrote Sir Gary, who has been an MP since 1992.
"Accordingly, I have now submitted a letter seeking a motion of no confidence in the Prime Minister. I have not come to this decision lightly. It is not my intention to say any more about this matter. I will focus on serving the residents of South West Devon."
13. Sir Nick Gibb - MP for Bognor Regis and Littlehampton
Writing for The Telegraph, Sir Nick, a former minister, said: "We need to face up to hard truths. To restore trust, we need to change the Prime Minister."
He added: "My constituents are furious about the double standards – imposing harsh and, to my mind, necessary restrictions as we and the world sought to defend ourselves against this new and deadly virus, while at the same time flagrantly disregarding those rules within the fortress of Downing Street."
Christian Wakeford - has defected to Labour
Christian Wakeford, the MP for Bury South, told Yahoo News on Tues, Jan 18 that he had called on the Prime Minister to resign and confirmed reports of a "pork pie plot" among the 2019 intake of MPs to oust their party leader.
Mr Wakeford then shocked the Commons shortly before midday the following day (Jan 19) as he confirmed reports he had defected to the Labour Party.
The Tory MSPs who have echoed Douglas Ross's calls for Mr Johnson to go:
Miles Briggs, Alexander Burnett, Donald Cameron, Jackson Carlaw, Russell Findlay, Maurice Golden, Meghan Gallacher, Jamie Halcro-Johnston, Craig Hoy, Liam Kerr, Stephen Kerr, Murdo Fraser, Douglas Lumsden, Liz Smith, Sue Webber, Annie Wells, Brian Whittle, Edward Mountain, Sharon Dowey and Finlay Carson.
Tory MPs who have voiced support for Mr Johnson:
1. Rishi Sunak, Chancellor (Jan 12, 8.11pm, and Jan 18)
"The PM was right to apologise and I support his request for patience while Sue Gray carries out her enquiry," he wrote on Twitter.
Mr Sunak also accepted the Prime Minister's explanation that he was not warned in advance about the drinks party in his first interview since Mr Johnson's apology.
"Of course I do. The Prime Minister set out his understanding of this matter last week in Parliament. I refer you to his words," he said.
"Sue Gray is conducting an inquiry into this matter and I fully support the Prime Minister’s requests for patience while that concludes."
2. Nadine Dorries, Culture Secretary (Jan 12, 3.04pm, and Jan 13, 8.37am)
"PM was right to personally apologise earlier. People are hurt and angry at what happened and he has taken full responsibility for that. The inquiry should now be allowed to its work and establish the full facts of what happened," she wrote on Twitter.
The following morning, Ms Dorries added: "[The Prime Minister has] constantly taken the right decisions. More people jabbed, more antivirals and testing than the rest of EU is giving us the most open and fastest-growing economy.
"400,000 more [are] back in work than at the start of the pandemic. [We] kept jobs with furlough, self-employed grants and industries standing.
"This despite every doomster and gloomster party political prediction from Labour that decisions taken by Government throughout pandemic would result in mass unemployment and a tanking economy. They were wrong throughout the pandemic at every juncture. They are wrong now."
3. Liz Truss, Foreign Secretary (Jan 12, 9.14pm)
"The Prime Minister is delivering for Britain - from Brexit to the booster programme to economic growth. I stand behind the Prime Minister 100 per cent as he takes our country forward," she tweeted.
4. Dominic Raab, Justice Secretary and Deputy Prime Minister (Jan 12, 3.15pm)
"I'm fully supportive of this Prime Minister and I'm sure he will continue for many years to come," he said, adding that it was a "daft question" when asked whether he would run for the Tory leadership.
5. Sajid Javid, Health Secretary (Jan 12, 4.43pm)
"I completely understand why people feel let down. The PM did the right thing by apologising," he said.
"Now we need to let the investigation complete its work. We have so much to get on with including rolling out boosters, testing and antivirals - so we can live with Covid."
6. Grant Shapps, Transport Secretary (Jan 12, 6.45pm)
"I think the Prime Minister was very contrite today, he apologised and he took full responsibility," he told Times Radio.
7. Jacob Rees-Mogg, Leader of the House of Commons (Jan 12, 5.40pm)
"I think the Prime Minister has got things right again and again and again," he said.
"But like us all, he accepts that during a two-and-a-half-year period, there will be things that with hindsight would have been done differently."
8. George Eustice, Environment Secretary (Jan 12, 5.30pm)
Asked if the Prime Minister will resign if Sue Gray's report found wrongdoing, Mr Eustice said: "I don't think we should get ahead of ourselves here. We should take this a step at a time."
9. Steve Barclay, Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster (Jan 12, 8.32pm)
"The PM did the right thing by apologising in Parliament. We should now let the investigation complete its work and I support the PM’s request for patience so that Sue Gray is able to do so," he said.
10. Therese Coffey, Work and Pensions Secretary (Jan 12, 6.53pm)
"I agree with Nadine. I was at PMQs today. I saw how sincere the PM was and I know how he has worked tirelessly to tackle coronavirus, striving to protect lives and livelihoods," she wrote.
11. Nadhim Zahawi, Education Secretary (Jan 12, 6.25pm)
Mr Zahawi, the Education Secretary, retweeted Nadine Dorries's initial statement.
12. Oliver Dowden, Conservative Party chairman (Jan 12, 5.03pm)
"Worth watching important apology from PM today. Let's allow Sue Gray to do her job while we get on with ours - rolling out the vaccine, keeping the economy open and driving jobs recovery," he wrote.
13. Suella Braverman, Attorney General (Jan 12, 8.07pm)
"Got Brexit done. World-beating vaccine roll-out. 400,000 more jobs than pre-Covid. Keeping schools open & children learning. Building back better for all. All thanks to the leadership of Boris Johnson," she wrote.
14. Alok Sharma, Cop26 President (Jan 12, 6.28pm)
"The Prime Minister was right to apologise. We now need to let Sue Gray complete her investigation," he wrote.
15. Kwasi Kwarteng, Business Secretary (Jan 12, 6.28pm)
Mr Kwarteng backed Mr Johnson in a WhatsApp group of MPs, saying he had been "absolutely right to apologise" and a focus was needed on "top priorities" such as Brexit dividends and levelling-up.
16. Anne-Marie Trevelyan, International Trade Secretary (Jan 12, 5.25pm)
Ms Trevelyan described the Prime Minister's apology as "needed and heard" but insisted Boris Johnson had been "relentless in [his] determination to protect us" against Covid.
17. Ben Wallace, Defence Secretary (Jan 12, 7.12pm)
Ben Wallace confirmed his support for the Prime Minister amid fresh revelations about Downing Street parties.
18. Priti Patel, Home Secretary (Jan 12, 3.39pm)
After an initial supportive tweet, Ms Patel offered fulsome support to Mr Johnson in an interview with Sky News the following day.
"I have publicly supported the prime minister and actually you're speaking to the home secretary who spends all my time day in, day out supporting the prime minister, his agenda of delivering on the people's priorities and the work that we do."
19. Brandon Lewis, Northern Ireland Secretary (Jan 12, 10.05pm)
20. Michael Gove, Housing and Levelling Up Secretary (Jan 12, 3.22pm)
21. Simon Hart, Wales Secretary (Jan 12, 10.13pm)
22. Simon Clarke, Chief Secretary to the Treasury (Jan 12, 5.47pm)
23. Michael Fabricant, MP for Lichfield (Jan 13, 9.01am)
"I confess to voting against John Major and Theresa May in votes of no confidence - so I am no loyalist," Mr Fabricant, a veteran Tory MP, tweeted.
"But Boris delivered Brexit, the best vaccination programme in Europe and first in the world, and in England is likely soon to leave Covid behind. He delivers and has my full support."
24. Stuart Anderson, MP for Wolverhampton South West (Jan 13, 8.45am)
Mr Anderson tweeted his agreement with Brandon Lewis that Mr Johnson "will win the next election".
25. Michelle Donelan, MP for Chippenham (Jan 12, 9.54pm)
Ms Donelan, the universities minister, wrote: "PM was right to personally apologise today - so many made sacrifices sometimes heart wrenching ones so understandably people are angry and hurting which is why as the Prime Minister said we need to let the inquiry take place."
26. James Cleverly, MP for Braintree and former Tory chairman (Jan 12, 8.05pm)
"As I said earlier today to the press in Brussels, the PM was absolutely right to make an apology today and explain what happened," Mr Cleverly said. "It is now right to await Sue Gray’s findings."
27. Nigel Adams, minister without portfolio (Jan 12, 7.09pm)
Mr Adams said Nadine Dorries's comments were "spot on".
28. Kit Malthouse, policing minister (Jan 12, 6.37pm)
"In the short time he has been PM, Boris Johnson has delivered on the people’s vote on Brexit, created a new electoral coalition and steered the country through Covid so we are likely to be the first major economy to emerge from the pandemic," Mr Malthouse tweeted.
29. Mark Jenkinson, MP for Workington (Jan 12, 4.37pm)
"Boris Johnson continues to have my support as Prime Minister and leader of the Conservative Party. He also maintains the support of the parliamentary party, and of the majority of my constituents... they see this as an exciting period for Britain."
30. Chris Philp, technology minister (Jan 12, 3.37pm)
Mr Philp said Nadine Dorries was "right" in saying the Prime Minister had been correct to apologise.
31. Damian Collins, MP for Folkestone and Hythe (Jan 12, 3.16pm)
"The PM was right to apologise today for not stopping the event in the garden of No 10," he said.
32. Craig Mackinlay, MP for South Thanet
Mr Mackinlay, a prominent Brexit supporter, told Politics Live: "Let's not forget there are other things in this country we need to be talking about, it's levelling up, it's energy costs.
"It's the potential constitutional crisis Northern Ireland, it's the gathering of Russian troops on the Ukraine border."
33. Brendan Clarke-Smith, MP for Bassetlaw
On Jan 19 Mr Clarke-Smith, a Red Wall MP,praised Boris Johnson's "fantastic performance" at Prime Minister's Questions. "Great to see the lifting of Plan B restrictions, vindicating the government’s approach and making us the stand out nation in Europe for combating Covid and restoring our day-to-day freedoms," he wrote.
34. Gary Sambrook, MP for Birmingham Northfield
Mr Sambrook, who had been critical of the PM, wrote after the Sue Gray update: "I've listened carefully to the Prime Minister today, the Boris Johnson we love and who has delivered.
"He’s made promises on how he wants to change how he does things, how he wants to deliver for my constituents and the UK and I support him in doing that. Let’s get on with the job."
35. Holly Mumby-Croft, MP for Scunthorpe
"The report highlighted a number of issues in the organisation of Downing Street, and the Prime Minister committed to making necessary changes. This was the right thing to do, and we need changes sooner rather than later," Ms Mumby-Croft told Grimsby Live.
"The Metropolitan Police are now conducting an investigation. I know that this will be frustrating to hear, but it is important, especially given the gravity of the situation, that we let the police get on with the job.
"Yesterday I asked the PM to reassure our area that he will not let this regrettable situation be a distraction from the Government’s task to deliver on energy costs."
