There are three type of Electric vehicles(EV) are in the market. Firstly battery electric vehicles(BEV) that are Propelled purely by means of an electric motor(Either AC/DC) powered by an on-board battery and a controller. The battery can be recharged using a standard electrical outlet or at a charging station.
There are a debate going on between advantage of AC motor and DC motor. For better understanding check -
https://www.tesla.com/blog/induction-versus-dc-brushless-motors
Top Best 10 Models Of Electric Cars in 2017:
https://youtu.be/0--IKZawMSQ
Secondly plug in hybrid electric vehicles(PHEV) which have both batteries with electric motor and liquid fuel(gasoline or Diesel ) engine system. Unlike conventional hybrids, PHEVS can be plugged in and recharged from an outlet, allowing them to drive extended distances using just electricity. When battery is emptied, the conventional engine turns on and the vehicle operates as conventional , non plug in hybrid.
Image credit: https://goo.gl/images/iy9aX3
Image credit: https://goo.gl/images/DGxwiL
Thirdly Fuel Cell vehicles that used hydrogen gas to power an electric motor. Fuel cells cars and trucks combine hydrogen and oxygen to produce electricity, which runs a electric motor.
Fuel cell vehicles use hydrogen gas to power an electric motor.
Converting hydrogen gas into electricity produces only water and heat as byproduct, and not producing pollutant when they are driven. Though producing hydrogen from natural gas emitted pollution, fuel cell cars and trucks reduces Carbon Emission over 30 percent when compared with gasoline powered Cars and trucks.
All Electric Vehicles are using electric motors that is 90 to 95℅ more energy efficient than traditional combustion engine and produced zero carbon emmitions. But the battery powered vehicles have two common challenges. One is Cost and second its driving range. Most efficient Battery vehicles are limited to 250km to 400km/ Recharge. PHEV offers 500 to 600 km driving range. But PHEV model is very costly.
There types of batteries are found in electric cars:
1)Lead Acid Batteries: It is the Oldest type of rechargeable battery. Cheap to produce and compatible with existing electronics. These are toxic and prone to explosion.
2) Lithium Ion Batteries (Li- ION) : Highly efficient in terms of Stored energy with respect to mass and mostly used batteries today. Its retain charges when not in used.
3) Nickel Metal Hybrid(NiMH): Efficient better than L-ion batteries but they don't retain their charges when not in used.
https://youtu.be/0--IKZawMSQ
Compared with cars with internal combustion(IC) engines, electric vehicles are quieter and have no tailpipe emissions. Electric cars di not idle. Regenaritive breaking system normally recovers one fifth of the energy normally lost during breaking.
Electric vehicles generate very little Waste heat. The heat generated from battery charging/discharging used to heating the car and higher efficiency and integral cooling can be obtained with a reversible heat pump.
Companies that produced Electric cars:
The Nissan Leaf, Tesla Motors , General Motors,and BMW, Mitsubishi are most major companies that produced Highly efficient Electric cars.
Lithium Ion phosphate batteries are charged to 80% within 15 minutes by a charging station. Governments all over the world are constructed more electric and gas based charging station in all major cities to promoting electric vehicles.
USA, UK, EU,China, India and Japan are promoting electric vehicles in their respective countries for reducing green house gas and to cut import of fossil fuels.
All major companies are trying to improve the life cycle of batteries and try to make recyclable batteries to for reducing the cost of batteries.
Almost every countries are reducing taxes on purchasing of electric cars and give different Subsidies to increase the purchasing of electric cars.
There are a debate going on between advantage of AC motor and DC motor. For better understanding check -
https://www.tesla.com/blog/induction-versus-dc-brushless-motors
Top Best 10 Models Of Electric Cars in 2017:
https://youtu.be/0--IKZawMSQ
Secondly plug in hybrid electric vehicles(PHEV) which have both batteries with electric motor and liquid fuel(gasoline or Diesel ) engine system. Unlike conventional hybrids, PHEVS can be plugged in and recharged from an outlet, allowing them to drive extended distances using just electricity. When battery is emptied, the conventional engine turns on and the vehicle operates as conventional , non plug in hybrid.
Image credit: https://goo.gl/images/iy9aX3
Image credit: https://goo.gl/images/DGxwiL
Thirdly Fuel Cell vehicles that used hydrogen gas to power an electric motor. Fuel cells cars and trucks combine hydrogen and oxygen to produce electricity, which runs a electric motor.
Fuel cell vehicles use hydrogen gas to power an electric motor.
Converting hydrogen gas into electricity produces only water and heat as byproduct, and not producing pollutant when they are driven. Though producing hydrogen from natural gas emitted pollution, fuel cell cars and trucks reduces Carbon Emission over 30 percent when compared with gasoline powered Cars and trucks.
All Electric Vehicles are using electric motors that is 90 to 95℅ more energy efficient than traditional combustion engine and produced zero carbon emmitions. But the battery powered vehicles have two common challenges. One is Cost and second its driving range. Most efficient Battery vehicles are limited to 250km to 400km/ Recharge. PHEV offers 500 to 600 km driving range. But PHEV model is very costly.
There types of batteries are found in electric cars:
1)Lead Acid Batteries: It is the Oldest type of rechargeable battery. Cheap to produce and compatible with existing electronics. These are toxic and prone to explosion.
2) Lithium Ion Batteries (Li- ION) : Highly efficient in terms of Stored energy with respect to mass and mostly used batteries today. Its retain charges when not in used.
3) Nickel Metal Hybrid(NiMH): Efficient better than L-ion batteries but they don't retain their charges when not in used.
https://youtu.be/0--IKZawMSQ
Compared with cars with internal combustion(IC) engines, electric vehicles are quieter and have no tailpipe emissions. Electric cars di not idle. Regenaritive breaking system normally recovers one fifth of the energy normally lost during breaking.
Electric vehicles generate very little Waste heat. The heat generated from battery charging/discharging used to heating the car and higher efficiency and integral cooling can be obtained with a reversible heat pump.
Companies that produced Electric cars:
The Nissan Leaf, Tesla Motors , General Motors,and BMW, Mitsubishi are most major companies that produced Highly efficient Electric cars.
Lithium Ion phosphate batteries are charged to 80% within 15 minutes by a charging station. Governments all over the world are constructed more electric and gas based charging station in all major cities to promoting electric vehicles.
USA, UK, EU,China, India and Japan are promoting electric vehicles in their respective countries for reducing green house gas and to cut import of fossil fuels.
All major companies are trying to improve the life cycle of batteries and try to make recyclable batteries to for reducing the cost of batteries.
Almost every countries are reducing taxes on purchasing of electric cars and give different Subsidies to increase the purchasing of electric cars.
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