Borderline Personality Disorder is a typically female disorder, Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD) is a pervasive pattern of instability in interpersonal relationships, self-image, emotional adjustments, and marked impulsivity demonstrated in a variety of contexts. Studies suggest that individuals with BPD tend to experience frequent, strong and long-lasting states of aversive tension, often triggered by perceived rejection, being alone or perceived failure. Individuals with BPD may show changeability between anger and anxiety or between depression and anxiety and temperamental sensitivity to emotive stimuli. The negative emotional states particularly associated with BPD have been grouped into four categories of:
1. Extreme feelings in general
2. Feelings of destructiveness or self-destructiveness
3. Feelings of disintegration or "identitylessness"
4. Feelings of victimization
Individuals with BPD can be very sensitive to the way others treat them, reacting strongly to perceived criticism or hurtfulness. Their feelings about others often shift from positive to negative, generally after a disappointment or perceived threat of losing someone. They are slaves of mood, if they are in anger no one can escape and if depressed can even commit suicide. Self-image can also change rapidly from extremely positive to extremely negative. Impulsive behaviors are common, including alcohol or drug abuse, unsafe sex, gambling, prostitution and recklessness and rocking relationships in general.
They are victims not abusers Women with certain kinds of disorders, like borderline personality disorders, tend to be attracted to and hook up with men who manifest symptoms of psychopathic personality disorder .BPD are completely opposites of anti social personality disorder. Attachment studies suggest individuals with BPD, while being high in intimacy- or novelty-seeking, can be hyper-alert to signs of rejection or not being valued and tend towards insecure, ambivalent, preoccupied or fearful attitudes towards relationships. They tend to view the world generally as dangerous and malevolent, and themselves as powerless, vulnerable, unacceptable and unsure in self-identity. So they are easy prey of anti social personality as their main characteristic is to exploit of vulnerable people.Females with BPD make a combination with anti social personality males by allowing them to exploit them.
BPD plays a major role in many issues of legal system such as:
Substance abuse
Domestic violence,
Gambling shop lifting
Prostitution
AIDS
Homelessness
Suicides
A significant number of people with BPD can be found in forensic settings (such as prisons or jails). Because BPD are heavy users of mental health services because of frequent hospitalizations and emergency room visits due to suicide attempts.
Main characteristics of Borderline Personality Disorder
• Dysregulation
• Self dysregulation
• Relationship dysregulation
• Emotional dysregulation
• Behavioral dysregulation
• Cognitive Dysregulation
• Typically females
• History of abuse
• Abusive relationships
• Para suicidal behaviors
• Suicide attempts
• Internalized violence
Diagnostic criteria for BPD:
1. Frantic efforts to avoid real or imagined abandonment (fear of abandonment)
2. Unstable and intense interpersonal relationships (alternating extremes of idealization and devaluation)
3. Identity disturbance (a feeling that one doesn't exist or embodies evil)
4. Impulsiveness (in such areas as sex, substance abuse, crime, or reckless driving)
5. Recurrent suicidal thoughts, gestures, or behaviors (depressive loneliness)
6. Emotional instability and/or mood swings
7. Chronic feelings of emptiness (boredom)
8. Inappropriate displays of intense anger (temper tantrums)
9. Transient, stress-related paranoia, dissociation, or doubling
This is a rather unusual set of symptoms, so let's explain them one by one. Fear of abandonment is not the same as fear of rejection. People who suffer from a fear of abandonment cannot stand to be alone. People who suffer from a fear of rejection cannot stand getting close to anyone else. In fact, BPDs and need people badly to get constant feedback, reassurance, and advice. They may not always follow the advice of others, but they will keep asking and at least have others around for that. Sexually, they always seem to have a partner handy, and will usually be stringing along a "stable" of boyfriends or girlfriends (serial monogamy). They are often socially inept, and don't know how to act in pleasant or polite company.
Borderlines will love you one minute and hate you the next. This is the clearest way of describing their alternating extremes of idealization and devaluation. Interaction with them is severely straining in this regard. They seem to wish for a clinging, dependent, and exclusive relationship with you, then almost the next minute they are putting you down, discrediting your achievements, accomplishments, and personal significance. To manipulate you, they will use anger, threats, sadness, or complaints about physical ailments. They always fail, however, to see the "big picture" and focus in on details such as being able to reach you by phone at all times.
There's a general proneness to dysphoria, or a generalized feeling of ill-being. They can't quite put their finger on it, but it's due to an unstable self-image, a feeling that one doesn't exist or embodies evil in some way. They view the whole world as "all good" or "all bad". All people, all experiences, and their self are viewed in extremes. They cannot grasp the concepts of moderation or something being "all right", OK, average, or ordinary.
Impulsiveness is a trait commonly associated with criminal tendencies. Impulsive deal with stress and the unexpected by acting more unpredictably, almost as if they were trying to outwit unpredictable ness itself. They'll start to get nervous, and then agitated, then "bang", they'll do something like hit somebody, break something, hurt themselves, or at the drop of a hat, initiate a brief, impersonal, sexual encounter. Needless to say, such people are typically at risk for alcoholism, drug addiction, sexual and eating disorders. Recurrent suicidal thoughts, gestures, or behaviors are part of the borderline's manipulative selfdestructive habits. They are a continual burden for the police and hospitals. Constantly calling forth a "saving" response from others, the borderline operates on the principle that the best help is obtained from those they can discomfort the most. So, they will alienate and resist those they want help from, and will do this by finding and invading a caregiver's personal number or home address, calling at odd hours or showing up at the house unexpectedly. If they are involved in a crime under investigation, they will taunt the police with calls, tips, and clues.There will be instances of emotional instability and mood swings, in the form of depression or irritability, but no hallucinations, delusions, or severe thought disorders. Most of these episodes will be for attention (histrionic) and last no more than a few days, most likely a few hours. They will experience chronic feelings of emptiness and boredom. This will manifest itself in sleeplessness (insomnia), loss of appetite, unplanned road trips, and sexual affairs. There will also be temper tantrums displayed at times which seem just for the sake of getting angry, in other words, inappropriate displays of intense anger. When asked why they are angry about something that a moment ago made them happy,they'll say they were trying to put things right, or something like that.
Mnemonic
A commonly used mnemonic to remember some features of borderline personality disorder is PRAISE:
P - Paranoid ideas
R - Relationship instability
A - Angry outbursts, affective instability, abandonment fears
I - Impulsive behaviour, identity disturbance
S - Suicidal behaviour
E - Emptiness
In short Borderline Personality Disorder can look like…..
Schizophrenia (hallucinations, illusions, paranoia)
Bipolar Affective Disorder ( mood changeability and anger)
Major Depressive Disorder (suicidal, depressed)
Antisocial Personality Disorder (legal problems)
Antisocial Personality Disorder Vs Borderline Personality Disorder
Similarities
But when we come to the development of these both disorders we can find striking similarities like both have following factors in common:
• Early trauma
• Inconsistent Parenting
• Early Attachment issues
• History of abuse
Childhood abuse, trauma or neglect
Numerous studies have shown a strong correlation between childhood abuse and development of BPD. Many (but not all) individuals with BPD report having had a history of abuse, neglect, or separation as young children. Patients with BPD have been found to be significantly more likely to report having been verbally, emotionally, physically, and sexually abused by caretakers or trusting figures of their life. Antisocial Personality Disorder Borderline Personality Disorder Male Female Violence for others Violence towards one’s self Criminal Suicidal externalization Internalization They were also reported to have failed to provide needed protection, and neglected their child's physical care. Parents (of both sexes) were typically reported to have withdrawn from the child emotionally, and to have treated the child inconsistently.
1. Extreme feelings in general
2. Feelings of destructiveness or self-destructiveness
3. Feelings of disintegration or "identitylessness"
4. Feelings of victimization
Individuals with BPD can be very sensitive to the way others treat them, reacting strongly to perceived criticism or hurtfulness. Their feelings about others often shift from positive to negative, generally after a disappointment or perceived threat of losing someone. They are slaves of mood, if they are in anger no one can escape and if depressed can even commit suicide. Self-image can also change rapidly from extremely positive to extremely negative. Impulsive behaviors are common, including alcohol or drug abuse, unsafe sex, gambling, prostitution and recklessness and rocking relationships in general.
They are victims not abusers Women with certain kinds of disorders, like borderline personality disorders, tend to be attracted to and hook up with men who manifest symptoms of psychopathic personality disorder .BPD are completely opposites of anti social personality disorder. Attachment studies suggest individuals with BPD, while being high in intimacy- or novelty-seeking, can be hyper-alert to signs of rejection or not being valued and tend towards insecure, ambivalent, preoccupied or fearful attitudes towards relationships. They tend to view the world generally as dangerous and malevolent, and themselves as powerless, vulnerable, unacceptable and unsure in self-identity. So they are easy prey of anti social personality as their main characteristic is to exploit of vulnerable people.Females with BPD make a combination with anti social personality males by allowing them to exploit them.
BPD plays a major role in many issues of legal system such as:
Substance abuse
Domestic violence,
Gambling shop lifting
Prostitution
AIDS
Homelessness
Suicides
A significant number of people with BPD can be found in forensic settings (such as prisons or jails). Because BPD are heavy users of mental health services because of frequent hospitalizations and emergency room visits due to suicide attempts.
Main characteristics of Borderline Personality Disorder
• Dysregulation
• Self dysregulation
• Relationship dysregulation
• Emotional dysregulation
• Behavioral dysregulation
• Cognitive Dysregulation
• Typically females
• History of abuse
• Abusive relationships
• Para suicidal behaviors
• Suicide attempts
• Internalized violence
Diagnostic criteria for BPD:
1. Frantic efforts to avoid real or imagined abandonment (fear of abandonment)
2. Unstable and intense interpersonal relationships (alternating extremes of idealization and devaluation)
3. Identity disturbance (a feeling that one doesn't exist or embodies evil)
4. Impulsiveness (in such areas as sex, substance abuse, crime, or reckless driving)
5. Recurrent suicidal thoughts, gestures, or behaviors (depressive loneliness)
6. Emotional instability and/or mood swings
7. Chronic feelings of emptiness (boredom)
8. Inappropriate displays of intense anger (temper tantrums)
9. Transient, stress-related paranoia, dissociation, or doubling
This is a rather unusual set of symptoms, so let's explain them one by one. Fear of abandonment is not the same as fear of rejection. People who suffer from a fear of abandonment cannot stand to be alone. People who suffer from a fear of rejection cannot stand getting close to anyone else. In fact, BPDs and need people badly to get constant feedback, reassurance, and advice. They may not always follow the advice of others, but they will keep asking and at least have others around for that. Sexually, they always seem to have a partner handy, and will usually be stringing along a "stable" of boyfriends or girlfriends (serial monogamy). They are often socially inept, and don't know how to act in pleasant or polite company.
Borderlines will love you one minute and hate you the next. This is the clearest way of describing their alternating extremes of idealization and devaluation. Interaction with them is severely straining in this regard. They seem to wish for a clinging, dependent, and exclusive relationship with you, then almost the next minute they are putting you down, discrediting your achievements, accomplishments, and personal significance. To manipulate you, they will use anger, threats, sadness, or complaints about physical ailments. They always fail, however, to see the "big picture" and focus in on details such as being able to reach you by phone at all times.
There's a general proneness to dysphoria, or a generalized feeling of ill-being. They can't quite put their finger on it, but it's due to an unstable self-image, a feeling that one doesn't exist or embodies evil in some way. They view the whole world as "all good" or "all bad". All people, all experiences, and their self are viewed in extremes. They cannot grasp the concepts of moderation or something being "all right", OK, average, or ordinary.
Impulsiveness is a trait commonly associated with criminal tendencies. Impulsive deal with stress and the unexpected by acting more unpredictably, almost as if they were trying to outwit unpredictable ness itself. They'll start to get nervous, and then agitated, then "bang", they'll do something like hit somebody, break something, hurt themselves, or at the drop of a hat, initiate a brief, impersonal, sexual encounter. Needless to say, such people are typically at risk for alcoholism, drug addiction, sexual and eating disorders. Recurrent suicidal thoughts, gestures, or behaviors are part of the borderline's manipulative selfdestructive habits. They are a continual burden for the police and hospitals. Constantly calling forth a "saving" response from others, the borderline operates on the principle that the best help is obtained from those they can discomfort the most. So, they will alienate and resist those they want help from, and will do this by finding and invading a caregiver's personal number or home address, calling at odd hours or showing up at the house unexpectedly. If they are involved in a crime under investigation, they will taunt the police with calls, tips, and clues.There will be instances of emotional instability and mood swings, in the form of depression or irritability, but no hallucinations, delusions, or severe thought disorders. Most of these episodes will be for attention (histrionic) and last no more than a few days, most likely a few hours. They will experience chronic feelings of emptiness and boredom. This will manifest itself in sleeplessness (insomnia), loss of appetite, unplanned road trips, and sexual affairs. There will also be temper tantrums displayed at times which seem just for the sake of getting angry, in other words, inappropriate displays of intense anger. When asked why they are angry about something that a moment ago made them happy,they'll say they were trying to put things right, or something like that.
Mnemonic
A commonly used mnemonic to remember some features of borderline personality disorder is PRAISE:
P - Paranoid ideas
R - Relationship instability
A - Angry outbursts, affective instability, abandonment fears
I - Impulsive behaviour, identity disturbance
S - Suicidal behaviour
E - Emptiness
In short Borderline Personality Disorder can look like…..
Schizophrenia (hallucinations, illusions, paranoia)
Bipolar Affective Disorder ( mood changeability and anger)
Major Depressive Disorder (suicidal, depressed)
Antisocial Personality Disorder (legal problems)
Antisocial Personality Disorder Vs Borderline Personality Disorder
Similarities
But when we come to the development of these both disorders we can find striking similarities like both have following factors in common:
• Early trauma
• Inconsistent Parenting
• Early Attachment issues
• History of abuse
Childhood abuse, trauma or neglect
Numerous studies have shown a strong correlation between childhood abuse and development of BPD. Many (but not all) individuals with BPD report having had a history of abuse, neglect, or separation as young children. Patients with BPD have been found to be significantly more likely to report having been verbally, emotionally, physically, and sexually abused by caretakers or trusting figures of their life. Antisocial Personality Disorder Borderline Personality Disorder Male Female Violence for others Violence towards one’s self Criminal Suicidal externalization Internalization They were also reported to have failed to provide needed protection, and neglected their child's physical care. Parents (of both sexes) were typically reported to have withdrawn from the child emotionally, and to have treated the child inconsistently.
