Who was Mussolini 

                        Mussolini
I am Ali Raza we will show you the story of a fascist. When Mussolini was in school, he used to kill children with knives. He was a bully in school and because of that he was expelled from every other school. When he grew up, the stubborn boy who was disliked by everyone developed an attractiveness in his personality. The reason was his clear personality and confident conversation. There was an intoxication in the words of this tall and strong-bodied young man. It would have become a party wherever it existed. But he was captivated by the personality of Karl Marx himself. How much he was influenced by Karl Marx can be gauged by the fact that when he went from Italy to Switzerland in search of work, he didn't even have a penny in his pocket. But there was definitely a picture of Karl Marx. For the first few months in Switzerland, he did odd jobs. Then he got a job in a trade union. His job was to propagandize in favor of trade unions. Mussolini was well-educated and he was good at smooth talk. So his propaganda became popular. But this propaganda was not liked by the Swiss government. Mussolini was also arrested when Switzerland launched a crackdown on the socialists. And then, as always, it happened. He became more famous after his arrest. Even in his native Italy, the news of him began to spread. After being released from prison, Crimsolini returned to his native Italy and became a schoolmaster. But as he could not become a good student, he also could not become a good teacher and left the school job and started working for the trade unions. But by then the problem of Switzerland had arisen in Italy as well. The government was not happy with the trade unions, so he went behind bars once in his country too. In 1999, when he was freed for a while, he fell in love with the sixteen-year-old daughter of his father's former lover. Mussolini's love affair was successful and the two became life partners. Mussolini was a well-known writer for Communist newspapers. But in 1912, he started his own newspaper. La lotta de classi. Removed. It means "class struggle". This paper became so popular that the socialists made him the editor of another paper called Avanti. That is, forward or progressive. Mussolini was such a prolific editor that he doubled Avanti's publication in a short period of time. Now he had become not only an editor but also an active member of the Socialist Party. Mussolini was on his way to becoming a great revolutionary. But in the meantime the First World War broke out and Mussolini saw a new way to fulfill his ambitions. Socialists were against war, so initially Mussolini strongly opposed war. But then when he saw that the wealthy sections of the country were investing in the war, he again took a U-turn and started supporting the war. His socialist colleagues objected that Mr. Hum was against war. In such a situation, Mussolini told him a sentence of Karl Marx that "revolution comes only after war." But the socialist class did not accept Mussolini's answer. Mussolini was stripped of his newspaper editorship and expelled from the party. This was the moment when Mussolini developed a deep hatred for the socialists. But perhaps he no longer needed them because he had found capitalist allies to support the war. These were the capitalists who were making money during the war by selling arms and other goods. Now Mussolini did two things. First, he created a war frenzy in the people with his ability to speak, and the second thing he did was that the weapons were closed and reached the battlefield. When the war ended, Italy and the Allies had won. When Mussolini returned from the battlefield, he was greeted like a victor. His height had grown a bit more now. But after the World War, Italy developed grievances with its allies France and Great Britain. That is, Italy got a very small share of the conquered territories. That is, Austria and a small part of Jordan came to Italy. While most of the territories taken away from the Ottoman Empire such as Syria, Iraq and France were shared by Britain. Along with this, the great financial crisis created during the war had become a disaster for Italy. Mussolini took advantage of the financial crisis caused by the war. Instead of telling people that countries suffer from crisis due to war and fighting, he started politics on economy. He played a dangerous game and started inciting people to rebel against the system for personal fame. He said that now Italy needs a dictator who will raise the prestige of Italy in the world. Because the current system has disgraced Italy in the world. However, the truth was that Mussolini had a full part in the war that brought Italy to this point. But now it was his charisma or charismatic personality, that a reasonable and passionate number of people had become his enthusiastic supporters. He spoke of the superiority of Italian nationalism and these words touched the hearts of his admirers. A year after the war, in 1919, more than two hundred such ex-soldiers and political activists gathered in Milan, Italy. He formed a political party based on Mussolini's philosophy and made Mussolini its leader. Mussolini named this party the Fascist Party. Which means a bundle or a bundle of rods. One of the reasons why the party was called Fascist was that Mussolini saw it as a group of fighters who would bring about a revolution. What was the name of the party was its emblem, a bundle of rods and an ax with it. The fascist party had two parts, one political fascist and the other military fascist. Militant fascists wore black shirts hence they became known as Black Shirts in Europe. Mussolini had built his own party, but it was still lacking. That is, a nationalist party needs an enemy to increase its power, which it can create a hatred against by holding it responsible for all the problems of its nation and then use it when needed. Mussolini was lucky, he didn't have to think too hard to find the enemy. Because his old love, Karl Marx and the ideology of socialism, was right in front of him as his enemy. In those days, socialists in Italy held daily demonstrations and strikes for their rights, which brought work to a standstill in factories. Mussolini declared that these socialist elements were responsible for Italy's problems because their demonstrations and strikes had stopped the wheel of progress. Fascists soon waged open war against socialist groups. Trade union offices were burned and hundreds of socialists were killed. The government was a silent spectator in all this calamity. And this was because the government itself was fed up with the strikes of the working class. And maybe the heart is happy that the work of the government is being done by a voluntary organization, so why do we need to wave our hands. But they didn't know that the fight against socialism was just a trailer and the real movie was yet to come. Because in fact Mussolini was preparing to take over all of Italy. His speeches testify that he wanted to be Julius Caesar, the same Julius Caesar who was the great emperor of the Roman Empire in BC. Thus, in simplicity or ignorance, the government had prepared its own death by giving Mussolini a chance. Mussolini's armed organization, the Black Shirts, began occupying cities. By the nineteen twenties, most of Italy was virtually under fascist control, and the writ of government was nowhere to be found. Two years later, Mussolini gave the government an ultimatum that if he did not resign and hand over the government to him. So his supporters would march on Rome and seize power by force. This declaration of Mussolini was actually a declaration of invasion and occupation of the capital of Italy. On October 28, 1922, thousands of armed workers of the Fascist Party, the Black Shirts, gathered outside the room. He was waiting for a call from his leader but his leader was waiting for someone else at his headquarters in Milan. And then came the telegram he had been waiting for. There was no end to Mussolini's joy after reading the telegram. Because he no longer needed to march on Rome. Italy's army was subordinate to the king, not the prime minister, and King Immanuel Swaim wrote that he would be made prime minister if Mussolini abandoned his plans to march on Rome. Mussolini arrived in Thane Karrom, met the king and assumed the chair of the prime ministership. But at the same time, he stipulated that he would have dictator-like powers for one year. The Fascist Party had become a whole army and the king was helpless. So he accepted all the conditions. After becoming a dictator, Mussolini formed his first cabinet. The majority of them were people who were not old workers of his party , but many were not even party workers. When the parliamentary elections were held in 1924, Mussolini rigged the elections by force and won most of his candidates. Mussolini's members now had a majority in Parliament as well. It had become easy for him to change the law and now he had become a permanent dictator, not for a year. The biggest problem for Mussolini on this occasion was his previous rousing speeches. Because he presented himself to the public as if he alone had the solution to all of Italy's problems, for which it was essential to be its ruler. But now he had become the ruler and he knew that if he did not fulfill the promises made to the people, Italy would soon be disgusted with him. So he focused all his attention on the establishment of peace and development. He also made it known that he is a religious man to gain public support. To prove his religious devotion, he did many jatans. One of which was that he recognized Vatican City, the center of Christianity near Rome, as an independent state. That day and today, Vatican City stands as the smallest country in the world. Along with showing off his religious devotion, he was also punishing opponents. Banning the media, bans on trade unions and arrests of socialist activists continued. When Mussolini became the ruler of Italy, it was a very critical time in the world. There was a communist revolution in Soviet Russia, which is an extreme form of socialism. Therefore, the European powers and the United States were considering everyone who could support them in crushing socialism as their ally. Perhaps this was the reason why Mussolini's coming to power was openly welcomed by the Western powers. The spiritual leader of Christians, Pope XI, declared Mussolini a Saint by the Providence. British politician Winston Churchill, who later became Prime Minister, called Mussolini the greatest living jurist. Not only this, when Roosevelt became the American president, he said that Mussolini is the representative of peace in the world and the greatest possible ally of the United States. Mussolini's personality and revolution were so impressive that when Allama Iqbal came to London for the Round Table Conference in 1931, he also went to Italy to meet Mussolini. After the meeting, Allama Iqbal was so impressed by Mussolini's personality that he wrote a poem in Mussolini's name. Mussolini's admirers included not only Allama Iqbal, Churchill and Roosevelt but also a young German ex-soldier who wanted to follow in Mussolini's footsteps and his name was Adolf Hitler. Hitler took advantage of Mussolini's fascism to create its more dangerous form, Nazism. According to which the German nation was declared the best and highest nation in the world. Hitler had great respect for Solini. When he took over the government of Germany in 1933, he had close ties with Mussolini's dictatorship. In exchange for this friendship, Mussolini supported Hitler to the point that many Jews lost their jobs or were arrested and sent to Hitler. Mussolini considered Hitler to be his ally, but on a personal level he did not like Hitler very much. When Hitler visited Italy in 1934, the two went for a ride in a car. Hitler asked Mussolini to hand over Austria to Germany. When Mussolini refused, Hitler got angry. Both of them got down from the car. Later, when Mussolini was asked what the matter was, his reply was "Hitler is nothing but a little crazy clown". However, after some time, Mussolini handed over Austria to Germany, which improved the relationship between the two. Mussolini had now begun to think beyond Italy's borders. In 1935, he captured the African country of Ethiopia with the help of Hitler. A few years later, he also occupied Albania, a small country in Europe. On the other hand, Mussolini's friend Hitler was waging and winning the Second World War due to his radical ideas. His successes in Poland and France made Mussolini jealous. He didn't want Hitler to single-handedly digest all of Europe, so he also jumped into World War II. First he invaded Greece. The Greco-Italian War is one of the most interesting battles of World War II. A power like Italy on one side and a weak country like Greece on the other. Mussolini made a generous offer to Greek politicians and generals that they would be enriched if they handed Greece over to him. Greece was a weaker country than Italy but still could not be conquered by greed. Furious and in a frenzy of victory, when Mussolini invaded Greece, the Greek army liberated the sixties. The Italian army was forced to flee backwards. Not only that, but the Greek army followed the Italians and penetrated into Albania. Great Britain, which was an ally of Greece, also started destroying Italian ships. Now Mussolini's hands and feet began to swell, so he called for help to the same friend he had once called the Crazy Little Clown. When asked for help, Hitler first lectured Mussolini on why the invasion of Greece was final without consulting him. Mussolini somehow managed to cool down Hitler and convince him to help. In 1941, the German army came to the aid of Mussolini, invaded Greece and in just three weeks conquered Greece and raised its flag. But the Greek defeat was the first crack in Mussolini's charismatic personality. Now the people's trust was starting to rise from him. As Mussolini's spell began to break at home, rival forces became more powerful. Within three years, Mussolini's forces suffered crushing defeats in Somalia, Ethiopia, North Africa and Russia. But the last straw fell in 1943 when American and British forces invaded the Italian island of Sicily. And the charismatic Mussolini could do nothing but watch. A meeting of the Fascist Grand Council was held on this. It was decided in the meeting that Mussolini must be removed from the chair if the enmity between the United States and Great Britain is to be avoided. So Mussolini was dismissed. Mussolini refused to accept the decision, as he was a dictator in his own right. He still believed that the government belonged to him. So he ignored the decision of the party and the council and reached his office the next day. But now the King of Italy had also turned against him and due to continuous defeats, the Black Shirts had also become weak. On the orders of the king, Mussolini was arrested and imprisoned in a mountain area far from the capital. When the news of Mussolini's arrest became public, panic broke out. People began tearing down statues of Mussolini and defacing pictures across the country. In such a situation, Mussolini's same crazy friend came to him. Hitler sent commandos to free him and bring him to Munich, Germany. Hitler's army then occupied northern Italy and installed Mussolini as its ruler. Now see that the same Mussolini who until yesterday dreamed of establishing the Roman Empire and wanted to see himself as conquerors like Julius Caesar, Augustus and Constantine was now a puppet of Hitler. On this, Mussolini's former admirer Churchill said, "The status of a Mussolini is now like a parasite or a slave of Hitler." Time passed and the year 1945 came. The German, who had initially proved to be the greatest player of World War II, was now leaving the field. Hitler's forces were retreating everywhere and Mussolini, who was still alive with Hitler's support, was becoming helpless. When Hitler's defeat seemed certain, Mussolini decided to flee Italy. This photo you are looking at is said to be the last photo of Mussolini alive. On April 26, a convoy of German soldiers and civilians was going to seek refuge in Switzerland, including an elderly couple. A sixty-one-year-old soldier with a German Air Force helmet on his head and an overcoat on his body. The soldier was accompanied by a thirty-three-year-old woman who appeared to be his daughter but was actually his lover. The next day, April 27, when the convoy reached the lakeside town of Dongo, only twenty-five kilometers from Switzerland, it was stopped by an armed group of socialists. After the defeat of the Germans, the socialists were now powerful and were killing Mussolini's supporters. He was also desperately looking for Mussolini as he had many accounts to settle with him. When the convoy was searched, someone recognized this old German soldier. This old man was, in fact, Benito Mussolini, accompanied by his mistress, Clarita Patassi. Who had sworn to be with him till death. The socialists were going crazy over the arrest of Mussolini. They imprisoned both of them in a farmhouse. When the sun rose the next day, the armed men took them out of the farmhouse and took them to a nearby village. There the couple was ordered to stand against a stone wall. Mussolini was convinced that he would not be left alive, so he told the socialist to take the gun and not miss the target, it should hit the heart directly. The word did not come out of his mouth. This was the man who straightened the gun and put Mussolini to sleep. The bodies of Mussolini, his mistress, and other fascists were loaded into trucks and brought back to Milan, the city where he had ruled only a few days before. These bodies were thrown in the city square like garbage. It was the city where Mussolini founded the Fascist Party. It was the city where Mussolini, with the help of Hitler, formed the last government. This was the same city and this was the same square where only 8 months earlier Mussolini had dumped the bodies of 13 socialist workers. Now in the same square of the same city, the dead bodies of Mussolini and his colleagues were lying, which were being watched and desecrated by millions of people. Even the bodies were hung upside down and stoned. Not only that, but some other supporters of Mussolini were also brought there and they were beaten and hanged along with Mussolini. Among them was one person, Ashley Stares. He once declared Mussolini a god. He was specifically brought before Mussolini's body and told, Behold the end of your god. But Achilles was so firm in his ideals that he did not fear death even in front of him, he paid his last salute to his dead leader. Then he too was shot and hanged along with Crumsolini. Mussolini's body was buried in a cemetery outside the town of Comilla, but this body also became a problem for Italy. It so happened that Mussolini's opponents used to visit his grave and trample and desecrate it. On April 19, 1944, some of Mussolini's supporters dug his grave and recovered his body. They bathed the dead body and took it with them. And left a note on the grave that he could not bear the desecration of his leader by the communists. He also wrote that our leader you are with us now we will cover you with flowers. But the fragrance of your virtues will overpower even these flowers. When the government found out, the search for the body started. After months of efforts, in August the government recovered Mussolini's remains from a synagogue south of Milan and took them into custody. Years later, Edwin Zoli became the prime minister in Italy. He handed over the remains to Donna Rachel, Mussolini's widow, to gain the support of right-wing politicians. In 1957, the remains were buried in the Mussolini family cemetery in Romagna. A statue of Mussolini and party symbols were also installed on the grave. A black plaque now stands at the spot where Mussolini was shot. One of Mussolini's sons, Romano Mussolini, became a famous Italian pianist and film producer. Mussolini's granddaughter Alessandra Mussolini has been elected as a member of the European Parliament from Italy. A photo of Mussolini is still displayed in the railway station of Milan, although someone has removed the eyes of the photo. Fascist ideology is considered an unacceptable behavior in the world today. While a section in Italy still believes that Mussolini, the founder of the Fascist Party, is right, organizes ceremonies at his grave and believes that if the era of Mussolini's ideals returns, then Italy will return to its greatness. Do you think Mussolini was a tyrant or a revolutionary whose revolution failed? Be sure to write in the comments. If you want to know the situation of Che Guevara, another revolutionary of the same era, click here

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