Leonardo Da Vinci

Date of Birth: April 15, 1452

Profession:  Italian polymath, painter, engineer, scientist, sculptor, and architect.

Notable Works: Vinci is recognized as the father of paleontology, ichnology, and architecture. His sketches of the flying machine and other scientific futuristic technologies often credit him with the invention of the parachute, and helicopter. Known as the greatest painter of all time, Vinci painted the Mona Lisa, The Last Supper, and the iconic Vitruvian Man.

Prestigious Honours and Awards: Although Leonardo da Vinci did not receive any awards during his lifetime, in 1975, the Rotary Club of Florence established the Leonardo da Vinci Award to recognize exceptional young people in the fields of science, technology, literature, and the arts.

Ananda Mohan Chakrabarty

Date of Birth: 4 April 1938

Profession:  Indian American microbiologist, scientist, and researcher

Notable Works: Chakrabarty worked in the field of genetics, and he is known for his pivotal role in the genetic engineering of a new species of Pseudomonas bacteria in 1971. This achievement, which involved the development of oil-eating bacteria, represented a breakthrough in the field and paved the way for further research into genetics and nucleic acids.

Prestigious Honours and Awards: Scientist of the Year Award by the Industrial Research Organisation of the United States (1975), Golden Eurydice Award (2007) and Padma Shri (2007).

Sir Carl Wilhelm Siemens

(anglicized to Charles William Siemens)

Date of Birth: April 4, 1823

Profession: German-British electrical engineer and businessman

Notable Works: In 1861 he patented an open-hearth furnace that was heated by gas produced from low-grade coal outside the furnace. This invention was first used in glassmaking

The Siemens cycle is a technique used to cool or liquefy gases; patented in 1857

In 1859 William Siemens devoted to electrical invention and research; and the number of telegraph apparatus of all sorts – telegraph cables, landlines– which have emanated from the Siemens Telegraph Works

Prestigious Honours and Awards: Bessemer Gold Medal (1875), Albert Medal (1874); Bakerian Medal (1871); FRS (1862)

Marie-Sophie Germain 

Date of Birth:  April 1, 1776

Profession: French mathematician, physicist, and philosopher

Notable Works: Germain’s work on Fermat’s Last Theorem laid a foundation for other mathematicians who were exploring the subject for years.

Prestigious Honours and Awards: Germain was the first woman to win the Mathematics Prize awarded by the French Academy of Prizes.

Wilbur Wright 

Date of Birth: April 16, 1867

Profession: American aviation pioneer

Notable Works: Wilbur with his brother, Orville Wright invented, built, and flew the world’s first successful motor-operated airplane, the Wright Flyer; pioneering the use of flight control systems for fixed-wing aircraft

Johann Carl Friedrich Gauss

Date of Birth:  April 30, 1777

Profession: German mathematician and physicist

Notable Works: The Disquisitiones Arithmeticae, a book on number theory, was authored by Gauss who was only 21 years old at the time. His remarkable contributions to mathematics earned him the nickname of the greatest mathematician since ancient times. Among his many achievements, he formulated the Gauss Law of Magnetism and introduced the concept of degaussing.

Prestigious Honours and Awards: Lalande Prize (1809) and Copley Medal (1838)

Robert Burns Woodward

Date of Birth: April 10, 1917

Profession: American organic chemist. 

Notable Works: Woodward worked closely with Roald Hoffmann in synthesizing vitamin B-12; formulated the Woodward-Hoffmann Rules. He is known for the organic synthesizing of cholesterol and chlorophyll, Woodward cis-hydroxylation, and molecular structure determination.

Prestigious Honours and Awards: ForMemRs (1956), Davy Medal (1959), National Medal of Science (1964); Nobel Prize in Chemistry (1965), Willard Gibbs Award (1967), and Copley Medal (1978).

William Harvey 

Date of Birth: April 1, 1578 

Profession: English physician

Notable Works: He was the first known physician to describe completely, and in detail, the systemic circulation and properties of blood being pumped to the brain and the rest of the body by the heart, though earlier writers.

Prestigious Honours and Awards: Several medical buildings and institutions are named after William Harvey 

Richard Adolf Zsigmondy

Date of Birth: April 1, 1865 

Profession: Austrian-born chemist; Nobel laureate.

Notable Works: He was researching colloids and co-inventing the slit-ultramicroscope and different membrane filters.

 Zsigmondy improved his optical equipment for the observation of the finest nanoparticles suspended in a liquid solution. As a result, he introduced the immersion ultramicroscope in 1912.

Together with Wilhelm Bachmann, Zsigmondy developed a new membrane filter (1916).

Prestigious Honours and Awards: Nobel Prize in Chemistry (1925). The crater Zsigmondy on the Moon is named in his honour.

Claude Cohen-Tannoudji

Date of Birth:  April 1, 1933

Profession: French physicist; Nobel laureate.

Notable Works: He shared the 1997 Nobel Prize in Physics with Steven Chu and William Daniel Phillips for research in methods of laser cooling and trapping atoms. Currently, he is still an active researcher, working at the École normale supérieure (Paris).

Prestigious Honours and Awards: Prix Paul Langevin (1963); Young Medal and Prize (1979)
Ampère Prize (1979); Lilienfeld Prize (1992); Matteucci Medal (1994); Harvey Prize (1996); Nobel Prize in Physics (1997)

Alain Connes

Date of Birth:  April 1, 1947 

Profession: French mathematician, theoretical physicist

Notable Works: Connes studies operator algebras. In his early work on von Neumann algebras in the 1970s. He also formulated the Connes embedding problem. Following this, he made contributions to operator K-theory and index theory, which culminated in the Baum–Connes conjecture. He also introduced cyclic cohomology in the early 1980s 

Prestigious Honours and Awards: CNRS Silver Medal (1977); Prize Ampère (1980); Fields Medal (1982); Clay Research Award (2000); Crafoord Prize (2001); CNRS Gold Medal (2004)