The single stack system:

When we talk about improving Plumbing performance in colossal properties, we find the best way to improve it is- Sovent plumbing system. This system accomplishes the function of drainage waste and venting in a single Stack, unlike that of the traditional two-stack system. The two-stack systems enable the utilization of waste water directly for irrigation dissimilar to single-stack systems. One pipe in the stack serves for draining and the other serves for ventilation which is why single stack, nowadays, is also preferred more by MEP BIM Services as it is advanced and the installation is easier.

The single stack system eliminates individual fixture vents and therefore minimizes the cost and consume lesser resource. The single stack system saves a lot of time as only one pipe is required to be repaired instead of two; and money as there are fewer pipes to repair or rebuy. This system deals with the Flow in the interiors of the pipe to keep pressure excursions from surpassing +/- one-inch of water column (standard for all the drainage systems). 

The system contains:

1. A vertical stack open to the atmosphere,
2. Horizontal branches to each fixture,
3. Sovent Aerator fittings,
4. Sovent De-aerator fittings. 

The primary fitting holds two main elements of the system, the aerator and de-aerator. These fittings utilize hubless connections for assembly management with preserving the acoustical values.

Benefits of single stack systems:

1. Saves installation space because there is one stack and no added vents.
2. Easier to design with fewer equipment to review.
3. Cost effective.
4. Requires a reduced amount of pipe & fittings.
5. Minimizes water testing, due to less pipe, and related labor.
6. Decreases the number of penetrations required.
7. Diminishes coordination delays.
8. Reduced potential leaks because of the reduced number of joints.
9. The designing and planning of plumbing systems gets easier and faster.
10. Pneumatic pressure inside the pipe is comparatively low.

Aerator:

Aerators are located at every floor of the stack. The presence of interior waterways and baffles helps in controlling the repercussion of the flow. This part of the stack consists of 2 chambers:

Offset-

The offset chamber is designed as to slower the flow from the high-rise and then enters the fitting. Its main function is to forbid the soil and waste matter to reach its terminal velocity, consequently, eliminating pressure and reducing velocity with breaking up the hydraulic plug formation.

Mixing chamber–

This chamber obstructs the horizontal discharge from choking the stack’s transection (cross-sectional) area.

A separation baffle is used to isolate these two chambers from each other. Perpendicular to this separation baffle a second chamber is placed as to prevent cross flow from the contradicting branch inlets.

De-aerator:

The final component of the stack system and also the base of it. We can find these located even where the horizontal stacks are required in the stack. Transitions in the flow from vertical to horizontal and then again vertical can create high fluctuations in the pressure; this phenomenon is stated as hydraulic jump. The hydraulic jump, however, in some cases, can end up blocking the whole horizontal stack. Deaerator provides us with two features to adroitly overcome this drawback:

1. Nosepiece- this helps to reduce the flow velocity right before the transition in the horizontal stack allowing air and waste to separate in the main chamber itself by balancing the internal pressures.
2. PRL- Pressure Relief Line or PRL is the head of the deaerator which is routed to the drain. The loop here accommodates the “hydraulic jump.”

This basically has a flow of waste from the upper levels of the high rise buildings to base of each stack. Movement of waste through an upright stack will adhere to the interior wall surface and proceed downward in a swirling motion parting the center portion as an open airway. The pressures are balanced within the stack as long as this airway exists. Abandoning the flow will increase the speed to a point which is known as terminal velocity, forming a complete cross-sectional blockage of the tube. Abandoning the flow will increase the speed to a point which is known as terminal velocity, forming a complete cross-sectional blockage of the tube.

Guidelines-

1. The Aerator fitting shall be located in a vertical plane.  Tilting the Aerator to offset the single stack is not legitimate.
2. Waste branches two pipe sizes smaller than the stack size may link directly to the stack through a sanitary fitting.
3. Sovent stacks may be combined before accessing into the core sewer drain.  These stacks shall chain downstream of each Pressure Relief Line (PRL) termination point.
4. The mounted slope for the Sovent building drain and PRL is suggested to be one-quarter inch per foot (2%)

Plumbing systems and BIM: The advancement.

Implementing the BIM technology at the design stage of a project benefits by detect clashes within a building, instead of experiencing them on site. MEP BIM services helps in building plumbing design drawings and schematics which makes it easier for the engineer to place and execute the stack design on the site. Now the question arises why BIM is now an essential part of the plumbing system too? BIM benefits the plumbing systems in following means:

1. BIM Designing according to terms outlined by clients
2. Flexible methodology
3. Clash-free
4. Practice of leading BIM tools
5. BIM tools help to escalate productivity by minimizing the errors
6. Modern workflow
7. Level of detailing(LOD) is as per the international codes
8. Constructability review

Conclusion:

Sovent System is an engineered single stack system providing a different theory of waste and venting by slowing the velocity of the liquids and solids through a sequence of aerator fittings and double offsets.

Building information modeling can offer specifiers with two bonus parameters of information about plumbing fixtures. One will contain the required GPM (Gallons per minute) flow of the standard fixture, wherein, the other parameter will contain the reduced GPM flow.

Additional benefit of using BIM is ease of identifying systems in the plumbing system. A credit can be obtained by reusing gray water onsite rather than passing the burden on to the municipal wastewater treatment plants, when designing a waste system project. The use of BIM minimizes coordination errors with architects and structural engineers using the Revit platform and BIM workflow. The synchronized MEP shop drawings develop the efficiency and building quality by eliminating clashes before the actual construction thus strengthening the pre-construction fabrication process.

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