2024-04-26 03:55
The target spectrum and treatable diseases of small nucleic acid drugs are diverse. Relevant companies primarily focus on rare monogenic diseases with clear pathogenic mechanisms, well-defin… Read More
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2024-04-24 08:01
Molecular Glue refers to small molecules, typically smaller than PROTACs, often with improved physicochemical properties, designed to stabilize interactions between two proteins. In mos… Read More
2024-04-23 08:04
In the process of small molecule drug development, lipophilicity (or hydrophobicity) is a very important indicator that has a crucial impact on pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics. Lipophi… Read More
2024-04-19 03:46
mRNA therapeutics is a newly emerging form in recent years. Its basic principle is to introduce mRNA expressing antigen targets into the body through specific delivery systems, express prote… Read More
2024-04-18 06:10
Protein homeostasis refers to the balance of proteins within cells, involving processes such as protein synthesis, folding, modification, transport, function, and degradation. Proteins in ce… Read More
2024-03-29 06:37
The preparation of amides is one of the most common reactions in organic synthesis and a key reaction for the preparation of peptide drugs and nucleic acid drugs in recent years. The re… Read More
2024-03-26 08:05
The Drug-to-Antibody Ratio (DAR) is the most important quality attribute of ADC drugs because it determines the “payload” that can be delivered to tumors, directly impacting safe… Read More
2024-03-22 07:32
In the early 21st century, after the completion of the Human Genome Project, it was discovered that many diseases were caused by gene mutations leading to insufficient expression of function… Read More
2024-03-18 03:23
Driven by increasingly mature technologies, ADC payloads have undergone three generations of innovation. In the first generation of ADC drugs, traditional chemotherapy agents such as me… Read More
2024-03-12 07:27
What is Biotin?
Biotin, with a molecular weight of 244.31, consists of two cyclic structures. The first ring is the imidazolone ring, the primary site for binding with avidin; the second… Read More
2024-03-09 02:48
In order to more effectively deliver chemotherapy drugs, Small Molecule Drug Conjugates (SMDC), Antibody Drug Conjugates (ADC), and Degradation Antibody Conjugates (DAC) have been successive… Read More
2024-03-04 07:34
There are various techniques for the preparation of microspheres, and the selection of an appropriate method depends on the physicochemical properties of the drug. Currently, the most widely… Read More
2024-02-27 06:52
The popularity of thiol coupling in ADC preparation can be attributed to three factors:
thiol is the most nucleophilic functional group among amino acid side chains (much stronger than am… Read More
2024-02-26 02:05
Peptide Nucleic Acid (PNA) is a synthetic polymer similar to DNA or RNA. PNA can be said to have been born in Denmark, where it was originally developed by Peter E. Nielsen (University… Read More
2024-02-23 06:27
With the rapid development of biotechnology and molecular medicine, the introduction of mRNA as a vaccine or therapeutic agent enables the production of almost any desired functional protein… Read More
2024-02-21 06:33
Aptamers are short RNA/DNA oligonucleotide molecules that bind specifically to complementary target molecules. As potential recognition elements, aptamers show promising applicatio… Read More
2024-02-05 08:01
4-1BB (CD137, TNFRSF9) is a crucial co-stimulatory receptor on T cells, discovered in 1989. In 1997, scientists at BMS published in Nature Medicine, demonstrating that the 4-1BB monoclo… Read More
2024-02-02 05:36
Diabetes is a common clinical disease, and with the improvement of living standards, an increase in the number of obese people, and the intensification of aging populations, the incidence of… Read More
2024-01-30 07:23
Paclitaxel is a natural anticancer drug with the molecular formula C47H51NO14. It has been widely used in the clinical treatment of breast cancer, ovarian cancer, and certain head and n… Read More
2024-01-26 08:07
Chemical drugs can be classified into three categories based on their binding modes: covalent drugs, non-covalent drugs, and covalent reversible drugs. Covalent drugs have strong binding abi… Read More
2024-01-24 02:12
Influenza is an acute and highly contagious respiratory disease caused by influenza A and B viruses. Annual influenza epidemics are caused by several different seasonal influenza viruse… Read More
2024-01-22 07:09
Brief Description of mRNA Delivery Systems
As a therapeutic use, mRNA cancer vaccines have the advantages of high safety, strong immune activation ability, and short production cycle. Mor… Read More
2024-01-20 02:23
In recent years, antibody therapies (including traditional antibodies and nano-antibodies) have become an important means of treating a wide range of human malignant diseases, and more than… Read More
2024-01-17 03:08
FDA approved the marketing of 14 drugs in the third quarter of 2023, including 6 small molecule drugs. This article mainly focuses on the drug design ideas of small molecule drugs… Read More
2024-01-15 01:17
What is Adjuvants?
Adjuvants, also known as immunomodulators or immune enhancers, are an additive to vaccines. Adjuvants are non-specific immune enhancers that enhance or alter the type o… Read More
2024-01-08 07:32
Antibody conjugated drug (ADC) is a relatively complex molecule that connects a targeted antibody with a cytotoxic payload through a chemical linker. In recent years, peo… Read More
2024-01-03 07:51
RNA-based therapeutics
The Human Genome Project (HGP) has revealed a wealth of information about the human genome and has greatly enhanced its role in the development of biomedical resear… Read More
2023-12-29 06:14
In recent years, small nucleic acid drugs have emerged as a focal point in biomedical research due to their strong specificity, simple design, short development cycles, and diverse target op… Read More
2023-12-29 02:25
In recent years, rapid advancements in gene therapy have brought about a significant transformation in modern medicine. The application of advanced molecular biology techniques and enhanced… Read More
2023-12-22 02:27
With the rise of genomics and proteomics, many clinically significant targets have been discovered in human diseases. However, a relatively small proportion of traditional druggable targets… Read More
2023-12-21 03:46
Antibody drug conjugates (ADCs) are multi-domain molecules composed of monoclonal antibodies, linkers and small molecule cytotoxins. ADCs specifically bind target antigens hig… Read More
2023-12-16 02:24
Antibody drug conjugates (ADCs) are a new class of biopharmaceuticals that use monoclonal antibodies to target tumor cells to deliver potent cytotoxic drugs. So far, a total of 15 ADC d… Read More
2023-12-14 06:32
At the 5th United Nations Environment Assembly (UNEA-5) held in March 2022, 175 countries signed a resolution to end plastic pollution. The aim is to achieve a legally binding internati… Read More
2023-12-08 05:28
mRNA serves as templates for creating proteins, and the quantity of protein generated from each mRNA molecule is contingent on how the translation apparatus commences or elongates… Read More
2023-12-08 02:50
Breast cancer is the leading cause of death among women worldwide. When breast cancer spreads to other parts of the body, the prognosis is poor. Currently, there is no treatment for metastat… Read More
2023-12-02 05:30
Introduction of Oligonucleotides
Oligonucleotide-based therapeutics represent a rapidly advancing field in current drug development. According to their therapeutic mechanisms, oligon… Read More
2023-12-01 05:11
Using synthetic biology methods allows for the more efficient production of highly complex drug molecules compared to traditional chemical methods, with increased stability and controllabili… Read More
2023-11-23 08:13
Among the first-generation ADC drugs, traditional chemotherapy drugs such as methotrexate, vinblastine, and doxorubicin were used as cytotoxic payloads. However, due to insufficient cyt… Read More
2023-11-22 08:30
The concept of ADCs was first proposed by Nobel Prize winner Paul Ehrlich in 1913. But it was not until 1975, when hybridoma technology began to be used to produce monoclonal antibodies… Read More
2023-11-17 01:55
During the COVID-19 pandemic, the success of mRNA vaccines has greatly propelled the development of mRNA therapeutics. mRNA is a negatively charged nucleic acid that serves as a te… Read More
2023-11-16 03:05
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are naturally occurring peptide molecules found in various organisms, including humans, animals, plants, and microorganisms. These peptides play a cru… Read More
2023-11-10 05:24
Glycosylation is a complex form of post-translational modification that affects more than 50% of cellular proteins and is a key regulator of many eukaryotic processes. Aberrant glycosylation… Read More
2023-11-08 03:30
PROTACs, a novel therapeutic approach, have garnered interest from numerous pharmaceutical companies, including Merck, Genentech, Pfizer, Novartis, Arvinas, C4 Therapeutics, Haisco Pharmaceu… Read More
2023-11-04 02:53
The Background of mRNA Vaccines
At the beginning of 2020, the COVID-19 outbreak occurred. To establish a protective barrier against the pandemic, it was essential to r… Read More
2023-11-01 06:35
Antibody-Drug Conjugates (ADCs) are new therapies that combine the high targeting of monoclonal antibodies with the strong cytotoxicity of small molecule cytotoxins. Due to its precise… Read More
2023-10-27 03:39
PEG-Lipid derivatives have the advantages of increasing the stability of liposomes, extending the half-life of blood circulation, improving tumor targeting efficiency and enhancing drug… Read More
2023-10-25 07:11
It is well-known that most peptide molecules cannot cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB). This is because the BBB is a highly selective biological barrier composed of spec… Read More
2023-10-20 02:51
This article covers the latest developments in natural product research, primarily including ribosomally synthesized peptides, sesquiterpenes, diterpenes, and triterpenes.
1. Di… Read More
2023-10-19 06:59
As an important drug modality, the development of oligonucleotides will continue to expand in the coming years. Oligonucleotide drugs are a class of therapeutic agents composed of short nucl… Read More
2023-10-13 03:51
Compared with viral vectors, non-viral delivery vectors are easier to scale up and have the ability to solve the most critical safety issues. Thanks to the LNP-mRNA vaccine that came to the… Read More
2023-10-12 09:29
In recent years, PROteolysis TArgeting Chimeras (PROTAC), which utilizes the cell’s own degradation mechanisms to eliminate specific disease-related proteins, has emerged as one of the… Read More
2023-10-11 06:12
Cancer immunotherapy holds enormous potential in combating malignant tumors. Messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) has emerged as a widely studied tool in recent years, functioning within the cy… Read More
2023-10-11 05:51
Antibody drug conjugate (ADC) research involves more and more targets, such as HER-2, Trop-2, Claudin-18.2, B7-H3 and B7-H4, etc. Trop-2 is a transmembrane glycoprotein. Its high expres… Read More
2023-09-28 05:34
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a very common neurodegenerative disease in old age, which not only affects the patient’s thinking, memory and independence, but also leads t… Read More
2023-09-27 02:26
A prodrug, also known as a precursor drug, generally refers to a class of compounds that are themselves inactive or have weak activity but, after conversion within a biological organism, pro… Read More
2023-09-23 07:50
Targeted protein degradation (TPD) is an emerging protein degradation technology in recent decades that utilizes the cell’s own protein clearance mechanisms, such as lysosomal deg… Read More
2023-09-21 09:10
Antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) combines the tumor targeting specificity of monoclonal antibodies and the potent cell killing activity of cytotoxic drugs (warhead/payload), through a care… Read More
2023-09-15 09:28
The emergence of RNA synthesis in vitro and in vivo delivery methods has garnered significant attention in the biomedical field, particularly regarding the applications of synthetic mRN… Read More
2023-09-14 07:31
Nucleic acid drugs are mainly divided into two major categories: small nucleic acid drugs and mRNA. Small nucleic acid drugs, also known as oligonucleotide drugs, include antisense nucleotid… Read More
2023-09-09 07:34
Chemotherapy drugs are an important means of tumor treatment. At present, chemotherapy drugs based on different mechanisms have been developed, which can act on the initial raw materials suc… Read More
2023-09-08 09:07
So far, the FDA and EMA have approved six ADC drugs for patients with solid tumors. Fig. 1 depicts the composition of each ADC (targeting antigen, mAb type, payload, and linker), curren… Read More
2023-09-01 09:01
Covalent drugs refer to those drug molecules that form strong bonds with receptors through the formation of covalent bonds. It all began with aspirin in 1899, gained prominence with ibr… Read More
2023-08-31 09:28
History of Thalidomide
During the 1950s-1960s, thalidomide was widely used as an antiemetic for pregnant women, leading to a tragic outcome with thousands of cases of malformed babie… Read More
2023-08-26 07:05
Many approaches have been developed to improve the physical/chemical properties, potency and selectivity of antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs). Trastuzumab (Tz), a monoclonal antibody targeting… Read More
2023-08-25 01:54
What are Deuterated Drugs?
Deuterated drugs are medications obtained by substituting hydrogen atoms at specific positions on drug molecules with deuterium atoms. The most w… Read More
2023-08-18 09:20
Over the past several decades, direct inhibition of the RAS family of oncogenic proteins has been a significant challenge in the field of drug development. Despite accounting for approximate… Read More
2023-08-18 09:05
A conjugate vaccine is a type of vaccine that combines a weak or non-toxic part of a disease-causing microorganism (such as a bacteria or virus) with a carrier protein. The purpose of creati… Read More
2023-08-12 03:59
The Background of Circular RNA Synthesis
In recent years, nucleic acid therapy involving various types of ribonucleic acids (RNAs), including messenger RNA (mRNA), small interfering RNA (… Read More
2023-08-12 03:37
Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs), as emerging anticancer drugs, can deliver highly cytotoxic molecules directly to cancer cells to kill them. ADC is a monoclonal antibody covalently bound to… Read More
2023-08-04 10:06
The length of siRNA is 7-8 nm, the diameter is 2-3 nm, the molecular weight is 13-14 kDa, and it is hydrophilic. Therefore, unmodified and naked siRNA cannot passively cross the cell membran… Read More
2023-08-03 04:01
Overview of Nectin
Nectin, a cell adhesion molecule belonging to the Immunoglobulin (Ig) superfamily, is a homologue of poliovirus receptor (PVR/CD155). It also known as poliovirus r… Read More
2023-07-29 05:44
The concept of drug conjugates originated in the early 20th century. In 1910, Paul Ehrlich proposed the “Magic Bullet” theory, which aimed to describe the concept of a drug that… Read More
2023-07-24 05:03
Antibody Drug Conjugate (ADC) is a complex formed by linking cytotoxic drugs to tumor-targeting monoclonal antibodies. It combines the characteristics of targeted drugs and chemoth… Read More
2023-07-19 03:52
Today I would like to share with you an article published in JACS titled “Telomere Targeting Chimera Enables Targeted Destruction of Telomeric Repeat-Binding Factor Proteins”. Th… Read More
2023-07-15 03:50
Immunotherapy, which uses immune pathways to treat cancer, is rapidly becoming an accepted cancer treatment after surgery, chemotherapy and radiation. Checkpoint blocking using monoclonal an… Read More
2023-07-11 08:47
Janus kinases (JAKs) belong to the non-receptor tyrosine kinase family, and their JAK-STAT signaling pathway with signal transducers and activators of transcription (STAT) can affect cell pr… Read More
2023-07-06 08:48
Fostamatinib is the precursor drug of active metabolite R406. It is a Syk inhibitor with an IC50 value of 41 nM. It strongly inhibits Syk but does not inhibit Lyn. Its effect on Flt3 is 5 ti… Read More
2023-07-01 06:58
Dabrafenib (GSK2118436) is a mutant BRAFV600-specific inhibitor, with an IC50 of 0.7 nM in cell-free assays. It shows 7-fold and 9-fold lower potency against B-Raf(wt) and c-Raf, respectivel… Read More
2023-07-01 06:23
Kinase inhibitors can be divided into monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) and small molecule kinase inhibitors (SMKIs) based on their structure and size. Monoclonal antibodies have achieved great s… Read More
2023-06-27 05:41
1. Structural Characteristics of PROTAC
PROTAC consists mainly of three key structures: on one side is the ligand structure targeting the Protein of Interest (POI); on the other side is t… Read More
2023-06-23 01:42
Existing research shows that nucleic acids can be used for the treatment of neurological diseases, cardiovascular diseases, and cancer, as well as for the prevention of chronic and infectiou… Read More
2023-06-19 08:55
B7-H3 and B7-H4 are type I transmembrane proteins belonging to the B7 family. Their abnormal expression is associated with many diseases such as colon cancer, breast cancer, liver cancer, an… Read More
2023-06-17 01:57
Introduction to HER and ADCs
Members of the human epidermal growth factor receptor (HER) family, including HER1 (EGFR), HER2, HER3, and HER4, play a core role in regulating cell prolifera… Read More
2023-06-14 07:05
1. What is endotoxin?
Endotoxin is a type of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) that originates from the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria. The outer lipid component of the cell wall is enti… Read More
2023-06-12 07:31
Pfizer’s mRNA vaccine for COVID has reignited the passion for using ribonucleic acid (RNA) as a therapeutic target. However, targeting RNA with small molecules is extremely challenging… Read More
2023-06-06 07:34
The core technologies of oligonucleotide drug development include sequence design, synthesis and modification, isolation and purification, and delivery techniques. The production of oligonuc… Read More
2023-06-06 07:04
Mechanisms of Immune Escape in Tumors
Although the human immune system uses powerful immune cells and various immune measures, some immunogenic tumors evade clearance after initially bein… Read More
2023-05-29 07:52
Purines are heterocyclic compounds composed of a pyrimidine ring and an imidazole ring and are the main components of nucleic acids. Their derivatives, such as adenine, guanine, and xanthine… Read More
2023-05-26 08:58
Nucleic acid is a biopolymer compound composed of nucleotides and is one of life’s basic substances. It is widely found in all animal and plant cells, microorganisms, and organisms, an… Read More
2023-05-23 13:11
The launch of two mRNA vaccines in 2020 marked the formal entry of mRNA technology into the commercial era. Strong vaccine demand is expected to bring bright prospects to the entire ind… Read More
2023-05-19 02:56
Metabolic syndrome refers to a class of complex metabolic disorders, including adipose tissue accumulation, insulin resistance, diabetes, hyperinsulinemia, hypertension, and dyslipidemia, ch… Read More
2023-05-15 08:50
Globally, the COVID-19 pandemic has significantly accelerated the development of mRNA technology platforms and mRNA industry chains. The first mRNA drug (BNT162b2 vaccine) was granted emerge… Read More
2023-05-10 07:13
What are the methods of heating in an organic chemical reaction?
Organic reactions are most commonly heated through the asbestos mesh and cannot be heated directly by fire. Otherwise… Read More
2023-05-07 13:18
Genotoxic impurities can directly act on DNA in the human body, causing DNA damage and having carcinogenic, teratogenic, or mutagenic properties. A small amount of genotoxic impurities… Read More
2023-05-07 13:10
The analysis of impurities in drugs is a very important part. This blog focuses on the important role of the source analysis of impurities and the development of analytical te… Read More
2023-04-28 06:31
Overview of Suzuki coupling reaction
In the entire Suzuki-coupling reaction cycle, the oxidation-addition reaction of Pd(0) with halogenated aromatics to produce the Pd(II) complex is con… Read More
2023-04-28 05:07
In recent years, antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) have achieved substantial success in cancer therapy. Typically, an antibody or peptide in a conjugated drug acts as a precisely located… Read More
2023-04-20 07:23
Summary
Heterocyclic compounds with aromatic characteristics are called aromatic heterocyclic compounds, which can be classified into monoaromatic heterocycles and fused heterocycles… Read More
2023-04-20 06:16
Innovative drug research and development is a very complicated and risky process from discovery to marketing, which includes preclinical research, clinical trial application, clinical trial… Read More
2023-04-01 06:53
In addition to DNA, peptides, as amino acid polymers, have great potential for information storage (Figure 1A). Recently, Stephen L. Buchwald and Bradley L. Pentelute of Massachusetts I… Read More
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