2024-04-26 08:59
Reading/Listening Time – 5 Minutes, Difficulty Level – 1/5
Listen to this article – Read by Ian Hall FRASTime, a fundamental dimension intrinsic to the universe, is as e… Read More
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The Average Scientist Blog
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Accessible science articles written so anyone can understand them. Learn about Astrophysics, Astronomy, Cosmology and Earth Sciences in blogs, explainers and videos.
2024-04-25 14:22
Reading Time – 6 Minutes, Difficulty Level – 1/5
As far as the sciences go, geophysics is one of the newer ones, emerging during the 19th century when it was first used b… Read More
2024-04-23 16:14
Reading Time – 7 Minutes, Difficulty Level – 1/5
“Consumption, I am aware, is a flattering malady,”
~ Charlotte Brontë (1849) wrote of her sister, Anne, who… Read More
2024-04-19 17:11
Reading Time – 5 Minutes, Difficulty Level – 1/5
World Book Day is on April 23rd and bibliophiles around the globe eagerly anticipate celebrating literature’s timeless i… Read More
2024-04-18 14:06
Reading Time – 6 Minutes, Difficulty Level – 2/5
Did you know that most bats aren’t blind? Sure, during the day, they might not see as clearly as humans do, but that&rsq&hell…Read More
2024-04-11 23:50
Featuring Crawford Lake in Milton, Ontario, Canada
Featured Image: SARAH ROBERTS
Reading Time – 12 Minutes, Difficulty Level – 2/5
Throughout history, humanity has trave… Read More
2024-04-05 13:03
Reading Time – 8 Minutes, Difficulty Level – 1/5
Black holes have been at the centre of modern astrophysics ever since their first proposal over two hundred years ago. And sti… Read More
2024-04-04 02:10
Reading Time – 6 Minutes, Difficulty Level – 1/5
By now there is a high chance that you may have heard the words clinical trials, clinical research, drug approvals, phase 3, a… Read More
2024-03-27 18:06
Reading Time – 12 Minutes, Difficulty Level – 3/5
Ever wonder how animals “instinctively” know how to migrate hundreds of kilometers every year? In the world of pe… Read More
2024-03-26 18:13
Reading Time – 6 Minutes, Difficulty Level – 2/5
Buzzwords like “probiotic” and “microbiome” are now common in any grocery store. Just walk down the da… Read More
2024-03-14 13:44
Reading Time – 7 Minutes, Difficulty Level – 2/5
The Future of Sustainable Food Systems
In the pursuit of sustainable food systems to meet the nutritional needs of a growin… Read More
2024-03-14 13:21
Reading Time – 9 Minutes, Difficulty Level – 1/5
Your daily life and health depend on many things, like your family, where you live, and where you work or go to school. These… Read More
2024-03-11 16:40
Reading Time – 8 Minutes, Difficulty Level – 3/5
TAPHONOMY & HOW FOSSIL PRESERVATION BIAS DISTORTS PREHISTORY
Fossilisation; the mechanism by which the remains of livin… Read More
2024-03-07 14:40
Reading Time – 6 Minutes, Difficulty Level – 3/5
Salt, an essential ingredient in our kitchens and a crucial nutrient for life that embarks on a remarkable journey from ore to… Read More
2024-03-04 16:56
Reading Time – 4 Minutes, Difficulty Level – 1/5
In September 2023, archaeologists made a discovery: a wooden structure.
What’s the big deal about this discover… Read More
2024-02-23 17:20
Reading Time – 7 Minutes, Difficulty Level – 2/5
As vertebrate organisms have evolved over time, ancient retroviruses have quietly shaped the development of our brains, playin… Read More
2024-02-23 14:22
Reading Time – 5 Minutes, Difficulty Level 2/5
Bacteria are single celled microscopic organisms that populate every surface on earth. They are constantly adapting to changes in thei… Read More
2024-02-20 23:27
Reading Time – 11 Minutes, Difficulty Level 1/5
Like most people, “flush and forget” is probably your approach to toilets and sinks – why think about sewage more t… Read More
2024-02-08 09:57
Reading Time – 3 Minutes, Difficulty Level – 1/5
You are at the beach taking in the lovely view – the sunset, passing sailboats, children playing. Your eyes take in the… Read More
2024-02-01 15:27
Reading Time – 6 Minutes, Difficulty Level – 2/5
Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Management
What is Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD)?
Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) is like a… Read More
2024-01-30 11:04
Reading Time – 7 Minutes, Difficulty Level – 1/5
What is Moore’s Law?
In 1965, Dr. Gordon E. Moore wrote an article for the journal Electronics, wherein he made a fam… Read More
2024-01-15 16:40
Reading Time – 9 Minutes, Difficulty Level – 1/5
There’s something inherently intriguing about the Scandinavian world—long dark days, cold winters, and yet, a popu… Read More
2024-01-11 10:57
Reading Time – 6 Minutes, Difficulty Level – 2/5
What is a virus
Viruses are non-living biological molecules composed of genetic material and proteins. Due to their lack of… Read More
2024-01-08 13:50
Reading Time – 7 Minutes, Difficulty Level – 1/5
As fond as we are of the British countryside, the open pastures and rolling green hills are not its natural state. Centuries o… Read More
2024-01-08 13:38
Reading Time – 7 Minutes, Difficulty Level – 4/5
Albert Einstein’s pioneering theories of Special and General Relativity have profoundly revolutionised our comprehension… Read More
2024-01-04 09:34
Reading Time – 6 Minutes, Difficulty Level 1/5
Over 500 species of sharks inhabit our oceans, and represent a 400 million year legacy. They might be most well-known as powerful, hig… Read More
2023-12-21 11:21
Reading Time – 6 Minutes, Difficulty Level 3/5
From Sunlight to Electricity
Every hour, the earth absorbs over 400 exajoules (that’s 108 joules) of light energy from the su… Read More
2023-12-15 14:26
Reading Time – 7 Minutes, Difficulty Level 1/5
In today’s fast-changing world, things can feel really different and sometimes overwhelming for young people. Between dealing wi… Read More
2023-12-14 12:38
Reading Time – 6 Minutes, Difficulty Level 1/5
Understanding Emotions through Physiology
Can you imagine being terribly angry? What will happen if suddenly all the physical signs… Read More
2023-12-07 15:21
Reading Time – 3 Minutes, Difficulty Level 1/5
The holiday season is a time for celebration, reflection, and the cherished tradition of gift-giving. For those who dedicate their liv… Read More
2023-12-03 08:26
Reading Time – 7 Minutes, Difficulty Level 1/5
James Clerk Maxwell, born in Edinburgh, in 1831, was a Scottish physicist whose contributions to the field of physics had a profound a… Read More
2023-11-28 12:44
Reading Time – 10 Minutes, Difficulty Level 2/5
Genetic diversity refers to the variety of genetic material within a population, species, or group of organisms. It encompasses the r… Read More
2023-11-22 14:51
Reading Time – 10 Minutes, Difficulty Level 2/5
Imagine if parents could choose their child’s likes, dislikes, strengths, and weaknesses before they are even born. Parents who… Read More
2023-11-14 14:02
Reading Time – 5 Minutes, Difficulty Level 1/5
Have you ever had the soles on your favourite pair of sneakers wear out? Were you annoyed that that happened? What about when you have… Read More
2023-11-14 13:58
Reading Time – 8 Minutes, Difficulty Level 1/5
In the simplest terms a system is a collection of components that interact with one another, & they surround & influence our l… Read More
2023-11-10 15:54
Reading Time – 10 Minutes, Difficulty Level 1/5
Every year around April, the Arctic tern, weighing just four ounces, begins one of the most extraordinary displays of endurance in na… Read More
2023-11-05 09:08
Reading Time – 9 Minutes, Difficulty Level 3/5
Admit it. You’ve dreamt of finding hidden treasure, or even a mythical city. The thought of stumbling upon a lost world, hidden… Read More
2023-10-26 14:50
Reading Time – 9 Minutes, Difficulty Level 3/5
What may previously have been deemed science fiction is becoming a more acceptable and understood reality. The ability to discover who… Read More
2023-10-24 08:21
Reading Time – 3 Minutes, Difficulty Level 1/5
Have you ever had greasy hands and tried to rinse them with only water to get rid of the grease? If you have done that before, you kno… Read More
2023-10-19 10:34
Reading Time – 10 Minutes, Difficulty Level 1/5
Halloween, with its costumes, candies, and spooky tales, is a beloved holiday that both young and old eagerly anticipate. But have yo… Read More
2023-10-19 10:23
Reading Time – 8 Minutes, Difficulty Level 1/5
Most people have heard of Alzheimer’s disease before – whether we knew a family member that had it or we witnessed its por… Read More
2023-10-12 14:57
Reading Time – 12 Minutes, Difficulty Level 1/5
The term “autoimmune” is one most people have heard at one point or another, but what does it actually mean?
Abo… Read More
2023-10-05 10:26
Reading Time – 5 Minutes, Difficulty Level 1/5
Anthropology, the study of humanity in all its diversity, has been shaped by the insights and contributions of numerous scholars throu… Read More
2023-10-03 14:52
Reading Time – 10 Minutes, Difficulty Level 2/5
On the surface, humans appear to be constructed of skin, bones, fat, and muscle. Deep inside each of our cells, however, lies the tru… Read More
2023-10-02 13:49
Reading Time – 10 Minutes, Difficulty Level 1/5
The periodic table of elements, a masterpiece of scientific organisation, stands as a testament to human ingenuity and the unending q… Read More
2023-09-29 10:09
Reading Time – 4 Minutes, Difficulty Level 1/5
The North Sea is an important fishing ground for many European countries. Trawling vessels drag their nets behind them at varying dept… Read More
2023-09-28 09:14
Reading Time – 11 Minutes, Difficulty Level 1/5
Maria Skłodowska (1867-1934), more widely known today by her married name of Marie Curie, was the first woman to win a Nobel Pri… Read More
2023-09-27 14:46
Listening Time – 70 minutes, Difficulty Level 1/5
Ian and Becks chat with our resident Paleontologist Dane Pavitt about al… Read More
2023-09-26 15:24
Reading Time – 7 Minutes, Difficulty Level 1/5
Eugenics. This is a controversial word the use of which generally remains taboo today, even if your perspective is humanitarian or sim… Read More
2023-09-25 09:05
Reading Time – 6 Minutes, Difficulty Level 1/5
The field of anthropology holds a distinctive key to unlocking deeper insights into human societies, cultures, and behaviors. Mastery… Read More
2023-09-22 14:36
Reading Time – 18 Minutes, Difficulty Level – Expert
In the realm of scientific collaboration, few partnerships have yielded as profound and productive results as the fusion o… Read More
2023-09-21 10:24
Reading Time – 10 Minutes, Difficulty Level 2/5
The cosmos, an infinite expanse of wonder and mystery, has always captivated the human imagination. In our relentless quest to deciph… Read More
2023-09-20 10:04
Reading Time – 5 Minutes, Difficulty Level 1/5
Homo sapiens, our species, are the only living species of humans on our planet. Over the course of the last few million years however… Read More
2023-09-19 11:22
Reading Time – 6 Minutes, Difficulty Level 3/5
In the mid 1950s, Francis Crick proposed a mechanism for gene expression that would forever change the face of biomedical and genetic… Read More
2023-09-19 09:55
Reading Time – 7 Minutes, Difficulty Level 2/5
Manufacturing is crucial in various engineering fields, and the aerospace industry is a primeexample of this significance. Aerospace m… Read More
2023-09-14 12:55
Listening Time – 78 minutes, Difficulty Level 1/5
What do we know about Infinity?Ian, Becks and Bree spend some time discu… Read More
2023-09-12 13:24
Reading Time – 6 Minutes, Difficulty Level 2/5
What are microorganisms and why should we care about these microorganisms? Microorganisms are incredibly small living organisms that h… Read More
2023-09-11 11:10
Reading Time – 9 Minutes, Difficulty Level – Expert
The tissues of the human body often experience environmental stressors that alter their cellular processes. The presence or… Read More
2023-09-10 07:59
Reading Time – 6 Minutes, Difficulty Level 1/5
At a time when our planet is grappling with escalating climate crises, the space exploration question looms large:
Should we be exp… Read More
2023-08-31 11:38
Reading Time – 12 Minutes, Difficulty Level 1/5
“Space is for everybody. It’s not just for a few people in science or math, or for a select group of astronauts. That&rs&hell…Read More
2023-08-31 11:23
Reading Time – 4 Minutes, Difficulty Level 1/5
The remarkable architecture of our teeth consists of five distinct surfaces: the Mesial surface, the Distal surface, the Occlusal surf… Read More
2023-08-25 09:50
Reading Time – 9 Minutes, Difficulty Level 3/5
Almost every individual is personally impacted by cancer, either through a personal diagnosis or the diagnosis of a friend or family m… Read More
2023-08-24 14:37
Reading Time – 6 Minutes, Difficulty Level 1/5
Moonlight captivates with its celestial glow and ever-changing phases. More than just a symbol of romance or muse for poets, moonlight… Read More
2023-08-17 13:21
Reading Time – 5 Minutes, Difficulty Level 1/5
At some point in your life you may have been advised to wear pale coloured clothing when going out in hot weather, since darker clothe… Read More
2023-08-13 20:55
Reading Time – 8 Minutes, Difficulty Level 1/5
The Sun, a dazzling celestial ball of fire and light that has captivated humanity for millennia, is often depicted as a warm, golden o… Read More
2023-08-10 20:42
Reading Time – 5 Minutes, Difficulty Level 1/5
The quest for space exploration has captivated human imagination for decades, driven by the dual objectives of survival and scientific… Read More
2023-08-01 11:29
Reading Time – 7 Minutes, Difficulty Level 1/5
In a world driven by information and discovery, science communication has become more important than ever before. Breaking down comple… Read More
2023-07-31 12:59
Reading Time – 20 Minutes, Difficulty Level: Expert
Within the vast expanse of the cosmos, stars act as laboratories where nuclear reactions govern their fundamental behavior. Nucle… Read More
2023-07-27 10:41
Reading Time – 6 Minutes, Difficulty Level 4/5
In the realm of astrodynamics, the solar system’s celestial ballet entices researchers with its intricate gravitational interact… Read More
2023-07-25 12:35
Reading Time – 8 Minutes, Difficulty Level 2/5
We are continuously surrounded by an array of sound waves; some we can hear and many we cannot. But what is a sound wave? Essentially… Read More
2023-07-24 08:33
Reading Time – 6 Minutes, Difficulty Level 2/5
If you’ve studied GCSE biology you may have come across the rank-based system for classifying organisms. The classic sequence of… Read More
2023-07-21 10:41
Reading Time – 6 Minutes, Difficulty Level 2/5
Teeth, oh what fascinating little things they are! While kids may see a tooth as a prize for the tooth fairy, dental professionals tak… Read More
2023-07-20 13:04
Reading Time – 8 Minutes, Difficulty Level 2/5
What is the Microbiome?
Our bodies are the perfect habitat for many different species of small organisms called microbes. From bact… Read More
2023-07-17 09:47
“I don’t think the human race will survive the next thousand years unless we spread into space. There are too many accidents that can befall life on a single planet. But I’… Read More
2023-07-11 12:26
Located approximately 2,000 light-years away in the constellation Cygnus, the Kepler-11 system stands as a remarkable testament to the diversity and intricacies of exoplanetary systems. In t… Read More
2023-07-05 10:04
Reading Time – 5 Minutes, Difficulty Level 2/5
We are surrounded, at all times, by microscopic organisms and particles which can either act as a potential threat to our health, or b… Read More
2023-06-23 12:01
Reading Time – 6 minutes, Difficulty Level 2/5
The search for extraterrestrial life has captivated the human imagination for centuries. As scientists continue to explore the cosmos… Read More
2023-06-19 08:34
Reading Time – 4 minutes, Difficulty Level 1/5
Bacteria, some of the smallest organisms on the planet, are in a constant arms race with modern medicine. We’ve all at some poin… Read More
2023-06-16 20:03
Reading Time – 12 minutes, Difficulty Level 1/5
“Anthropology is the most humanistic of the sciences and the most scientific of the humanities“
Alfred L. Kroeber, Anthr… Read More
2023-06-14 08:15
Reading Time – 8 minutes, Difficulty Level 3/5
What is CRISPR?
Just as humans have immune systems to protect us against pathogenic microbes, bacteria have also evolved mechanisms… Read More
2023-06-13 14:06
Reading Time – 7 minutes, Difficulty Level 2/5
String theory, a theoretical framework in modern physics, seeks to unify quantum mechanics and general relativity by postulating that… Read More
2023-06-08 15:24
Reading Time – 5 minutes, Difficulty Level 3/5
The intricate dance of celestial bodies and the precise maneuvering of spacecraft rely on the application of advanced mathematics. In… Read More
2023-05-31 09:06
Reading Time – 7 minutes, Difficulty Level 2/5
When we imagine dinosaurs, we often conjure up an image of monstrous beasts roaring & snarling across the primordial landscape. Th… Read More
2023-05-30 15:29
Reading Time – 3 Minutes, Difficulty Level 1/5
The quest for knowledge and exploration has always been deeply ingrained in the human spirit. From ancient explorers setting sail to d… Read More
2023-05-28 09:19
Reading Time – 5 minutes, Difficulty Level 1/5
With the onset of Spring as the days get longer & temperatures rise, many garden owners & land managers are encouraged through… Read More
2023-05-24 14:14
Reading Time – 4 minutes, Difficulty Level 1/5
When we think of astrophysics, we often envision distant galaxies, black holes, and the birth of stars. However, the profound impact o… Read More
2023-05-22 11:01
Reading Time – 4 Minutes, Difficulty Level 1/5
I decided to write this piece after a great discussion with Martin and Elsie on this subject which features on episode two of the TAS… Read More
2023-05-18 10:17
Listening Time – 59 minutes, Difficulty Level 1/5
What do we know about Black Holes?In Episode 2 of the TAS Podcast Ian an… Read More
2023-05-16 14:33
Reading Time – 5 Minutes, Difficulty Level 1/5
In today’s fast-paced world, where technological advancements dominate our lives, it’s easy to overlook the importance of… Read More
2023-05-15 08:46
Reading Time – 5 minutes, Difficulty Level 1/5
What would Sir Isaac Newton have made of modern physics and the capability of technology to assist in unraveling the mysteries of the… Read More
2023-05-10 12:55
Reading Time – 4 minutes, Difficult Level 1/5
Dark matter is one of the most intriguing mysteries in modern astrophysics. It is a hypothetical form of matter that does not emit, abs… Read More
2023-05-09 08:25
Reading Time – 6 minutes, Difficulty level 1/5
Around 30 million years ago, South America became an isolated land mass as continental drift pulled it away from Antarctica & Afri… Read More
2023-05-05 14:15
Reading Time – 8 Minutes, Difficulty Level – Challenging
The final post in a series of three covering Kepler’s Laws of Planetary Motion. In this post we’ll look at… Read More
2023-05-05 13:16
Reading Time – 9 Minutes, Difficulty Level – Challenging
The second in a series of three posts about Kepler’s Laws of Planetary Motion. Here we look at the second law or… Read More
2023-05-03 09:20
Reading Time – 5 minutes, Difficulty Level – 3/5
In this series of three articles I’m going to look at one of the cornerstones of Astrophysics, Kepler’s Laws of Pl… Read More
2023-04-27 08:52
Reading Time – 5 minutes, Difficulty Level 2/5
Enceladus, one of Saturn’s small icy moons, is a fascinating object of study in our solar system. The moon is covered in a thic… Read More
2023-04-25 15:30
What do you think? Are we alone, or are we one of a multitude of life forms in the Universe?… Read More
2023-02-22 11:47
Reading Time – 8 minutes, Difficulty Level 2/5
Evolution is a fascinating process. The slow progression of change over generations across unfathomable periods of time has allowed li… Read More
2023-02-20 13:58
Reading Time – 5 minutes, Difficulty Level 1/5
Alfred Russel Wallace was a 19th century natural historian. Well known for having envisaged the process of evolution independent of hi… Read More
2023-01-31 10:50
Reading Time – 16 minutes, Difficulty Level 2/5
Though it’s not spooky month, there are plenty of nasty, ooey, spooky things for me to cover. Some of those things thrive in th… Read More
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