Development and scientists are what should help people to have a wonderful life.

But in the wrong hands, every tool could be a lethal weapon.
Anders Sandberg, a researcher at the University of Oxford, has recorded the future threats of human existence as he has seen them in discoveries that meant to improve life.

Nanotechnology

Nanotechnology is a term which is used to describe it creation and use of functional structures between 1 and 100 nanometers.

Most of the issues that surround it appears to be a logical consequence of the evolution of science and technology’s ability to research and work on an even smaller scale. Moreover, the catalysis, a phenomenon that has always been characterized by nanometric dimensions is a scientific discipline that grows a lot of decades. In addition, entire scientific fields such as chemistry or chemistry biology have always worked in such dimensions even though the term nanoscience was introduced only recently.

The use of nanoparticles is known from antiquity. Though they did not know then natural phenomena to interpret it, however, they used nanoparticles gold inserts in a glass to change the optical properties of materials such as for example in a glass of the 4th century BC found and depending on the angle of light falling on it changes its color.

Corresponding constructions took place during the period Medieval glassworkers to create of the sink. Today we know that size of nanoparticles affects optics properties (quantum size effect).

The term Nanotechnology was created by the professor of the University Science of Tokyo Norio Taniguchi 1974 in a dissertation titled “About its basic meaning ‘Nanotechnology’ to describe  the precision construction of materials with tolerances nanometer.

It is planned to create a nanobot, which will be able to perform medical work within the human body, such as drug transfer or its control level of insulin. A “submarine” a few millimeter robots will “swim” in the human body.

Nanosubbles and research nanowires can be done effective tools in the treatment of cancer. Apart from medicine, however nanotechnology can offer and in the industry such as the entertainment and more generally with enough those who occupy man.

Like any cutting-edge technology, so nanotechnology poses critical ethics and legal dilemmas. The potential benefits and their negative effects are being discussed more and more, as are issues related to engraving relevant policy. The reason for reflection is mainly given the uncertainty possible risks to human beings and humans environment applications of nanotechnology to an already extensive range products, tools, and services that are expected to is widening dramatically in the near future. This uncertainty is due to itself the nanoscale, the minimum sizes of which make it unpredictable material behavior

Bioterrorism

 Bioterrorism awakens America’s worst nightmares, capturing the position previously held by Nuclear terror at the top of the pantheon of American mass phobias. The Americans are afraid again. No longer the nuclear “mushrooms” but invisible superficial microorganisms. Not the explosion of an atomic bomb but the outbreak of an epidemic that might start with an “innocent” sneeze.

In the summer of 2002, some deadly incidents of infection by the “Nile virus”, which causes encephalitis, were enough to make a country of 280 million people lose sleep.

Discovering that the possibility of just launching a dangerous microorganism such as coal barking panic the world, Islamic terrorists (and not just them) are almost certain to sooner or later tempt themselves to exploit the use of biological weapons for blackmail or even for “blind blows”.

In order to deal with such a possibility, preparedness exercises were conducted in some American cities to deal with a supposed biological attack.

The US has equipment (masks and uniforms), antibiotics and vaccines, as well as an extensive network of laboratories where microorganisms are being studied for the rapid production of antidotes. In August 2002, the US Congress decided to allocate $ 6 billion to protect the US population against possible bioterrorist attacks.

Nuclear Threat

Although the total number of nuclear weapons worldwide is declining, all countries with nuclear arsenals are in the process of modernization, and they do not intend to withdraw them in the near future, according to SIPRI (Stockholm International Peace Research Institute ).

According to SIPRI, at the beginning of 2017, nine countries – the USA, Russia, the United Kingdom, France, China, India, Pakistan, Israel and North Korea – were in possession of about 4,150 Nuclear Weapons operational readiness. If all nuclear warheads are measured, these countries together are estimated to have a total of 14,935 nuclear weapons, while at the beginning of 2016 they were 15,395.

At the same time, both Russia and the US have extensive and expensive programs to modernize nuclear arsenals. The US, for example, plans to spend $ 400 billion in 2017-2026 to maintain and expand its nuclear power. Some estimates indicate that the nuclear weapons program may cost up to one trillion. dollars in the next 30 years.

Superintelligence

And the little increment in problem-solving ability and group coordination is why we left the other apes in the dust. Now their continued existence depends on human decisions, not what they do. Being smart is a real benefit for people and organizations, so there’s a lot of effort in figuring out ways to improve our individual and collective intelligence: from cognition-enhancing drugs to artificial-intelligence software.

The problem is that intelligent entities are good at achieving their goals, but if the goals are badly set they can use their power to smartly achieve disastrous ends. There is no reason to think that intelligence itself will make something behave nicely and morally. In fact, it is possible to prove that certain types of superintelligent systems would not obey moral rules even if they were true.

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