2011-01-30 16:31
Today, the optical fiber is widely used in France, Europe and in the world. In France and Europe, we can mention the network that LDCOM comprises 11,000 km of fiber connecting 60 cities. By… Read More
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FIBER OPTICS COMMUNICATION
2009-09-06 12:53
Today, the use of SONET and WDM multiply. Indeed, coupled use of these two technologies yields networks Optical integrating the strengths of SDH: transmission reliability and management band… Read More
2009-09-06 12:42
SDH allows the sky to achieve the alarm on the various equipment. These alarms correspond to different problems could exist on the equipment or connections. Major alarms are: • AU-AIS (… Read More
2009-09-02 23:55
Major equipment There are 4 main categories of equipment to make connections SDH: • Switch card: This card provides the functions of multiplexing and circulating traffic between line in… Read More
2009-09-02 01:35
The SONET frame is composed of 9 rows. The first three bytes of each row contain information synchronization and supervision. Similar to SDH, we find the principle of adaptation-related enca… Read More
2009-08-31 00:25
The hierarchy of the standard SDH corresponds to that of SONET for ATM interfaces. The hierarchy of flows is different on three continents (USA, EC, Japan) is a rate of 51.84 Mbps, which was… Read More
2009-08-31 00:23
To carry signals, using virtual containers (VC: Virtual Container). In the VC that are sections overload (POH: Path Overhead), which are used by pointers. The transport of containers on STM… Read More
2009-08-30 01:52
The arrival of SDH SDH offers significant advantages over the PDH. SDH based on a digital frame that provides high level, in addition to the top speed (higher than PDH): • Greater flexi… Read More
2009-08-23 01:23
1.To combine low-speed traffic streams onto high-capacity wavelengths 2.Improve bandwidth utilization 3.Optimize network throughput 4.Minimize the network cost (transmitter, receiver, fiber… Read More
2009-08-23 01:20
Traffic-grooming is a kind of multiplexing in optical signal by packing low speed traffic streams into higher-speed streams. There is a significant advantage to groom the traffic. 1.Reducti… Read More
2009-08-23 01:08
The evolution of flows of different services, the need for flexibility transmission network, the need to improve the functions of exploitationmaintenance, the continuous increase of transmis… Read More
2009-08-16 01:40
In CWDM equipment, we can use lasers in unregulated temperature, lower cost and which emit at wavelengths spaced 20 nm in the transmission window 1270-1610 nm. CWDM is the subject of the ITU… Read More
2009-08-16 01:36
Recommendation ITU-T G.692 (Optical interfaces for multi-channel systems with optical amplifiers) has defined a comb of wavelengths allowed in the only window of 1530-1565 nm transmission. I… Read More
2009-08-16 01:31
Near the village of Takahagi, Japan, two giant antennae installed in the early 1960s as part of the creation of the first Japanese telecommunications network, have a second life ... as obser… Read More
2009-08-09 23:48
Today, work stations are interconnected using network using fiber optics as its use allows for information flows faster and greater security in transmissions. In telephony, coaxial cables ar… Read More
2009-08-08 15:21
About the future deployment of fiber optics in France, the regulatory authority for telecommunications (ARCEP) has taken a position on two key points. The first concerns the choice of techno… Read More
2009-08-05 16:17
Compared to other existing transmission media, fiber has a nearly constant attenuation over a large frequency range (several thousands of gigahertz) and offers the advantage of huge bandwidt… Read More
2009-08-01 15:54
The diffraction of light by an ultrasonic wave is used in the acousto-optical modulators.The high frequency generator (F = 80 MHz) generated in the strong wave acoustic wavelength Λ =… Read More
2009-07-31 13:58
The pooling of the optical fiber to the home (FTTH) explained here:The optical fiber to the home (FTTH) is criticized for its delay and its long established. Many critics have made but few s… Read More
2009-07-25 15:08
In the "entry level", ie in very affordable prices, an optical cable has a good chance to be more effective because it is insensitive to electromagnetic interference, in fact the optical lin… Read More
2009-07-23 02:01
Whatever type of cable is used, information is transmitted in the same way. Because the interior of the fiber optic cable is coated with a reflection, total internal reflection is present in… Read More
2009-07-22 01:51
There are two main types of fiber optic cable, which are single mode and multi-mode.Single mode: Single mode fiber is a small component that has only one mode of transmission. Single mode fi… Read More
2009-07-19 15:55
The discovery of the laser in 1960 has provided light sources suitable for the transmission and processing of information. Optical transmission has several advantages over radio transmission… Read More
2009-07-18 05:11
It happens quite often to meet with individuals to install their own communications network in their house or apartment at rehabilitation or even when a building to which they are largely ha… Read More
2009-07-18 04:11
Decrees 2009-52 and 2009-54 for implementing the LME (Law of Modernization of the Economy) establish the conditions for installing the fiber optics. Here are some selections not so trivial a… Read More
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