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Supermarine Spitfire
2024-03-18 10:03
The Supermarine Spitfire was a single-seater fighter plane, one of the most important aircraft of the Second World War (1939-45). Employed by the Royal Air Force in such crucial encounters a… Read More
Philadelphia Campaign
2024-03-15 10:00
The Philadelphia Campaign (July 1777 to June 1778) was a major military operation during the American Revolutionary War (1775-1783), in which a British army under Sir William Howe attempted… Read More
The Bound Children
2024-03-14 17:00
The Bound Children is a Sioux legend highlighting the importance of proper behavior, not only among family members but within one's community. The widow, who does not properly care for her c… Read More
Conway Cabal
2024-03-13 17:00
The Conway Cabal was a movement undertaken by American military officers and political leaders to remove General George Washington from command of the Continental Army during the winter of 1… Read More
Operation Chastise
2024-03-13 10:52
Operation Chastise, the 'Dambusters' raid, was an attack by a squadron of RAF Lancaster bombers on the dams of the Ruhr basin in Germany in May 1943. Led by Squadron Leader Guy Gibson, the b… Read More
Crazy Horse
2024-03-12 17:04
Crazy Horse (Tasunke Witko, l. c. 1840-1877) was an Oglala Lakota Sioux warrior and warband leader considered among the greatest defenders of Sioux lands against the forces of the US governm… Read More
Lancaster Bomber
2024-03-11 17:00
The Avro 683 Lancaster bomber was a four-engine heavy bomber flown by the Royal Air Force and allies during the Second World War (1939-45). Lancasters were particularly used in nighttime bom… Read More
Wreck Of The Batavia
2024-03-11 10:00
The Batavia was a Dutch East India Company ship that foundered on the coral reefs of the Houtman Albrolhos Islands, 60 kilometres (37 mi) off the coast of Western Australia, just before dawn… Read More
Battleship Bismarck
2024-03-08 10:00
The Bismarck was a German battleship, the largest and most powerful capital ship in the Kriegsmarine. For all its weaponry and armour, the ship was involved in only one major operation which… Read More
Henry Laurens
2024-03-07 17:00
Henry Laurens (1724-1792) was an American statesman from South Carolina who played an important role in the politics of the American Revolution (1765-1789). He served as president of the Sec… Read More
Childhood In Ancient Rome
2024-03-07 10:10
Freeborn Roman children, ingenuiae, born of Roman citizen parents lived a life that was dictated by the level of society into which they were born; a day in the life of a child from the lowe… Read More
How The Rabbit Lost His Tail
2024-03-06 17:00
How the Rabbit Lost His Tail is a Sioux legend, part origin myth and part didactic tale, explaining why the rabbit looks as it does, why the owl is a night bird, and how one should treat a m… Read More
Richard Henry Lee
2024-03-06 10:01
Richard Henry Lee (1732-1794) was an American politician from Virginia, who played a significant role in the American Revolution (1765-1789), particularly in the push for independence. A mem… Read More
Igor Stravinsky
2024-03-05 10:03
Igor Stravinsky (1882-1971) was a Russian composer best known for his works for the stage, such as the ballets The Firebird, Petrushka, and the groundbreaking The Rite of Spring. The moderni… Read More
Black Elk On Crazy Horse
2024-03-04 21:24
Black Elk Speaks (1932) is the popular and controversial book of the narrative by the Oglala Lakota Sioux medicine man Black Elk (l. 1863-1950) on his life and people as given to the America… Read More
Second Continental Congress
2024-03-01 10:07
The Second Continental Congress was the body of delegates that governed the Thirteen Colonies and, later, the United States during the American Revolutionary War. Between its first session i… Read More
The Enlightenment
2024-02-29 10:01
The Enlightenment (Age of Reason) was a revolution in thought in Europe and North America from the late 17th century to the late 18th century. The Enlightenment involved new approaches in ph… Read More
Poppaea Sabina
2024-02-28 16:53
Poppaea Sabina (30-65 CE) was the wife of Praetorian prefect Rufrius Crispinius and then Marcus Salvius Otho (r. 69 CE) before she became the second wife of Roman emperor Nero (r. 54-68 CE)… Read More
William Howe
2024-02-27 17:00
Sir William Howe (1729-1814) was a British military officer and politician, most notable for his role as commander-in-chief of the British army during the initial years of the American Revol… Read More
Battles Of Saratoga
2024-02-27 10:00
The Battles of Saratoga (19 September and 7 October 1777) marked the climactic end of the Saratoga Campaign during the American Revolutionary War (1775-1783). The battles, which resulted in… Read More
The Origin Of Game And Corn
2024-02-26 17:00
The Origin of Game and Corn is a Cherokee origin myth explaining how wild game first began to run free and corn came to be cultivated. The central figures of Kenati (also given as Kana'ti) a… Read More
Maurice Ravel
2024-02-26 09:58
Maurice Ravel (1875-1937) was a French composer of classical music best known for his innovative piano pieces and orchestral works like Bolero and Daphnis et Chlo. Sometimes called an 'impre… Read More
Michel De L'Hospital
2024-02-23 17:00
Michel de L'Hospital (also known as L'Hpital, c. 1505-1573) was a French statesman who served during the reigns of four kings Francis I, Henry II, Francis II, and Charles IX as Councillor… Read More
Saratoga Campaign
2024-02-22 17:03
The Saratoga Campaign (20 June to 17 October 1777) was one of the most important military campaigns of the American Revolutionary War (1775-1783), in which a British army under General John… Read More
The Wise Man Of Chief Mountain
2024-02-21 16:52
The Wise Man of Chief Mountain is an origin story of the Blackfeet nation explaining how they came to wear brightly colored clothing. Although Native American nations generally wore clothing… Read More
Dmitri Shostakovich
2024-02-21 10:02
Dmitri Shostakovich (1906-1975) was a Russian composer of operas, ballets, concertos, string quartets, and 15 symphonies. Shostakovich was frequently denounced by the repressive Soviet state… Read More
Red Cloud's War
2024-02-20 16:57
Red Cloud's War (1866-1868) was a conflict between the Lakota Sioux-Cheyenne-Arapaho alliance and the US government over the westward expansion of the United States into the Powder River ter… Read More
Mark Antony's Parthian Campaign
2024-02-20 09:57
In 36 BCE, Mark Antony (83-30 BCE) invaded Parthia, hoping to render himself one of the great conquerors of the Greco-Roman world, but he was stymied by Parthian forces and obliged to undert… Read More
Urdubegis
2024-02-19 16:58
The urdubegis were a group of female warriors in the Mughal Empire, who protected the zenana, the harem of the emperor. Although the origins of female bodyguards go back to the beginning of… Read More
Utilitarianism
2024-02-19 10:08
Utilitarianism is a philosophy founded by Jeremy Bentham (1748-1832) and then extended by other thinkers, notably John Stuart Mill (1806-1873). Utilitarianism involves the greatest happiness… Read More
Battle Of Germantown
2024-02-18 17:00
The Battle of Germantown (4 October 1777) was a major battle of the American Revolutionary War (1775-1783) in which General George Washington launched an unsuccessful assault on the British… Read More
Battle Of Brandywine
2024-02-16 17:00
The Battle of Brandywine (11 September 1777) was a major battle of the American Revolutionary War (1775-1783), fought between a British army under Sir William Howe and the American Continent… Read More
Red Cloud
2024-02-15 17:01
Red Cloud (Makhpiya-luta, l. 1822-1909) was an Oglala Lakota Sioux chief, statesman, and military strategist who became the only Native American leader of the Plains Indians to win a war aga… Read More
Jeremy Bentham
2024-02-15 10:00
Jeremy Bentham (1748-1832) was an English philosopher and liberal social reformer best known as the founder of utilitarianism based on the greatest happiness principle, that is, rationally j… Read More
Antoine De Chandieu
2024-02-14 17:00
Antoine de Chandieu (l. 1534-1591) was a French theologian, who played a decisive role in the religious history of the 16th century but remains in the shadow of other French Protestant leade… Read More
Colonel Tye
2024-02-13 17:01
Colonel Tye (c. 1753-1780) was an African-American Loyalist leader who commanded one of the most effective guerilla forces of the American Revolutionary War (1775-1783). Born into slavery, h… Read More
Natural Rights & The Enlightenment
2024-02-13 10:01
The idea of natural rights is the concept used in philosophy and legal studies that a person has certain rights from birth and which, because they were not awarded by a particular state or l… Read More
Mark Antony's Oration At Caesar's Funeral
2024-02-12 17:04
Amid the chaos and strife following the assassination of Julius Caesar in 44 BCE, Mark Antony (83-30 BCE), with the advice of Cicero, persuaded the Roman Senate to declare an amnesty which p… Read More
James Armistead Lafayette
2024-02-09 17:00
James Armistead Lafayette (l. c. 1748-1832) was an African American Patriot who served the Continental Army as a spy during the American Revolutionary War (1775-1783). During the Siege of Yo… Read More
Parisian Salons & The Enlightenment
2024-02-09 10:12
The salon was a notably French cultural event, a private social gathering where a mixture of guests openly discussed art, literature, philosophy, music, and politics. Salons were particularl… Read More
1st Rhode Island Regiment
2024-02-08 10:06
The 1st Rhode Island Regiment, also known as Varnum's Regiment or the Black Regiment, was a regiment of the Continental Army during the American Revolutionary War (1775-1783). It was notable… Read More
Wounded Knee Massacre
2024-02-06 17:01
The Wounded Knee Massacre of 29 December 1890 was the slaughter of over 250 Native Americans, mostly of the Miniconjou people of the Lakota Sioux nation, by the US military at Wounded Knee C… Read More
Battle Of Princeton
2024-02-05 17:01
The Battle of Princeton (3 January 1777) was a small, yet significant, battle of the American Revolutionary War (1775-1783) in which the American Continental Army surprised and defeated a Br… Read More
Death Of Alexander The Great
2024-02-05 10:01
In June of 323 BCE, Alexander the Great (r. 336-323 BCE) died in Babylon. His sudden death before his 33rd birthday has long been a point of speculation: was it disease, old wounds, or murde… Read More
Social Contract
2024-02-02 17:00
The social contract is an idea in philosophy that at some real or hypothetical point in the past, humans left the state of nature to join together and form societies by mutually agreeing whi… Read More
Battle Of Trenton
2024-02-02 10:16
The Battle of Trenton (26 December 1776) was an important battle of the American Revolutionary War (1775-1783). On Christmas Day 1776, General George Washington led his Continental Army acro… Read More
New York And New Jersey Campaign
2024-02-01 17:00
The New York and New Jersey Campaign (3 July 1776 to 3 January 1777) was a pivotal campaign waged during the American Revolutionary War (1775-1783) for control of New York City, the Hudson R… Read More
State Of Nature
2024-02-01 09:57
The state of nature is an idea which became especially popular with certain philosophers during the Enlightenment, notably Thomas Hobbes (1588-1679), John Locke (1632-1704), and Jean-Jacques… Read More
Ghost Dance
2024-01-31 17:00
The Ghost Dance (Spirit Dance) is an expression of rebirth and renewal using the traditional Native American circle dance, first practiced by the Paiute Nation in 1869 and again in 1889 when… Read More
George Berkeley
2024-01-31 10:02
George Berkeley (1685-1753) was an Anglo-Irish bishop and an empiricist and idealist philosopher. He infamously claimed that no matter exists outside of God and that things only exist outsid… Read More
Ivan III Of Russia
2024-01-30 12:10
Ivan III of Russia (Ivan the Great) was the Grand Prince of Moscow and Russia from 1462 to 1505. Ivan III was born in 1440 to Grand Prince Vasily II of Moscow (r. 1425-1462) and his wife, Ma… Read More
Baruch Spinoza
2024-01-29 17:03
Baruch Spinoza (1632-1677) was a Dutch philosopher who combined rationalism and metaphysics to create a unique system of thought. Spinoza was held up as an atheist philosopher in the 18th ce… Read More
Battle Of Fort Washington
2024-01-29 10:02
The Battle of Fort Washington (16 November 1776) took place during the American Revolutionary War (1775-1783) as part of the British effort to seize control of Manhattan Island. It saw a Bri… Read More
A Storm Eagle
2024-01-26 17:00
A Storm Eagle is a Cheyenne story recounting a battle fought between the Cheyenne and Pawnee in the winter of 1854-1855 when the Cheyenne retrieved the horses that the Pawnee had stolen from… Read More
Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz
2024-01-26 09:56
Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz (1646-1716) was a German polymath who became well-known across Europe for his work, particularly in the fields of science, mathematics, and philosophy. Leibniz's ra… Read More
Battle Of Long Island
2024-01-25 17:00
The Battle of Long Island (27 August 1776), or the Battle of Brooklyn, was an important battle of the American Revolutionary War (1775-1783). It resulted in the defeat of the Continental Arm… Read More
Kremlin
2024-01-25 09:59
The Kremlin is a fortified complex located in the centre of Moscow, Russia, which is made up of towers, high walls, palaces, and cathedrals. Construction of the Kremlin began as early as the… Read More
Cheyenne Creation Story
2024-01-24 17:00
The Cheyenne Creation Story is the account of the beginning of the world, the seasons, and the first people in the time before time when all was water, and nothing existed but the Creator an… Read More
The Principate Of Augustus
2024-01-23 09:56
Augustus (r. 27 BCE to 14 CE), as the adopted son and heir of Julius Caesar (100-44 BCE), brought an end to the Roman Republic, and on 16 January 27 BCE, by Senatorial decree, he became the… Read More
Buffalo And The Plains Indians
2024-01-22 17:00
The buffalo were essential to the Plains Indians, and other Native American nations, as they were not only a vital food source but were regarded as a sacred gift the Creator had provided esp… Read More
Blaise Pascal
2024-01-22 10:01
Blaise Pascal (1623-1662) was a French scientist, mathematician, and philosopher whose work influenced both the Scientific Revolution and later European thought. Pascal is known for his prac… Read More
The Life And Death Of Sweet Medicine
2024-01-20 10:00
The Life and Death of Sweet Medicine is a Cheyenne tale of the great prophet and law-giver Sweet Medicine who received the sacred Four Arrows, structure of government, and rules of society f… Read More
American Invasion Of Quebec
2024-01-19 17:00
The American invasion of Quebec (September 1775-June 1776) was a military campaign undertaken during the American Revolutionary War (1775-1783). Hoping to induce the Province of Quebec to jo… Read More
Cheyenne Legends Of The Buffalo
2024-01-19 10:00
Two popular Cheyenne legends are the Origin of the Buffalo and How the Buffalo Hunt Began (also known as The Great Race), both dealing with the importance of the North American bison to the… Read More
Patrick Henry
2024-01-18 17:00
Patrick Henry (1736-1799) was a Virginian lawyer and politician who played a vital role in the American Revolution (c. 1765-1789). Known for his brilliant oration, including the famous Give… Read More
Immanuel Kant
2024-01-18 10:00
Immanuel Kant (1724-1804) was a German Enlightenment thinker who is widely regarded as one of the most important philosophers of any period. His most famous works of critical philosophy incl… Read More
The Ghost Bride
2024-01-17 17:00
The Ghost Bride is a story from the Pawnee nation on the danger of interacting with ghosts but also emphasizes the importance of keeping one's word, whether with the living or the dead. The… Read More
Medes
2024-01-17 09:58
The Medes or Medians were a group of Indo-Iranian-speaking people from central Asia who migrated westwards and entered northern Iran around the end of the 2nd millennium BCE. They settled in… Read More
Cheyenne
2024-01-16 17:00
The Cheyenne are a North American Native nation, originally from the Great Lakes region, who migrated to modern-day Minnesota and then to areas in North Dakota and further southwest. They ar… Read More
Olive Branch Petition
2024-01-16 10:12
The Olive Branch Petition was a letter adopted by the Second Continental Congress on 5 July 1775 and sent to King George III of Great Britain (r. 1760-1820) in a final attempt at reconciliat… Read More
The Girl Who Was The Ring
2024-01-15 17:00
The Girl Who Was the Ring is a Pawnee legend committed to writing by the anthropologist George Bird Grinnell (l. 1849-1938) in his work The Punishment of the Stingy and Other Indian Stories… Read More
Jacques Offenbach
2024-01-15 10:01
Jacques Offenbach (1819-1880) was a composer of German birth who took French citizenship and became famous in Paris for his comic operettas, a genre he created, and for the more serious oper… Read More
Give Me Liberty Or Give Me Death
2024-01-12 10:07
"Give me liberty or give me death! is the closing line from a speech made by Patrick Henry to the Second Virginia Convention on 23 March 1775, in which he argued that war with Britain was in… Read More
Chunkey
2024-01-11 16:59
Chunkey (tchung-kee) is a Native American game involving a rolling disc (or ring) and two teams of players who score by throwing their sticks to land as close to the disc as possible. The ga… Read More
Parson's Cause
2024-01-11 10:01
The Parson's Cause was a legal and political controversy that arose in the British colony of Virginia in the early 1760s. In response to the royal veto of the Two Penny Act, a policy passed… Read More
Pawnee
2024-01-10 17:00
The Pawnee are a Native American nation of the Plains Indians culture originally from the region of modern Nebraska. Prior to the European colonization of the Americas, they were among the m… Read More
Edmund Burke
2024-01-10 10:01
Edmund Burke (1729-1797) was an Anglo-Irish statesman and political thinker. His most famous work is Reflections on the Revolution in France a critique of the social and political turmoil in… Read More
Paul Revere
2024-01-09 10:00
Paul Revere (1735-1818) was an American silversmith born in the British colony of Massachusetts. He was an active member of the Sons of Liberty during the American Revolution (c. 1765-1789)… Read More
Joseph Warren
2024-01-08 16:56
Doctor Joseph Warren (1741-1775) was a physician from Boston, Massachusetts, who became an important political leader of the Patriot movement during the early years of the American Revolutio… Read More
Gioachino Rossini
2024-01-08 09:57
Gioachino Rossini (1792-1868) was an Italian composer of around 40 operas, including the comic operas The Italian Girl in Algiers and The Barber of Seville. Rossini championed melody and bea… Read More
Siege Of Boston
2024-01-03 17:00
The Siege of Boston (19 April 1775 to 17 March 1776) was the first major military operation of the American Revolutionary War (1775-1783). After the first shots were fired at the Battles of… Read More
Thomas Paine
2023-12-27 10:00
Thomas Paine (1737-1809) was an Anglo-American Enlightenment thinker whose radical ideas were taken up by revolutionaries in both the American Revolution (1765-1783) and the French Revolutio… Read More
7 Ancient Sites In Georgia
2023-12-20 16:28
Georgia, lying at the junction of Europe and Asia, is a country of ancient myths with a rich and turbulent history. Home to the first European hominids and the birthplace of wine, Georgia's… Read More
Periplus Of The Euxine Sea
2023-12-19 16:52
The Periplus of the Euxine Sea (Circumnavigation of the Black Sea) is a description of trade routes along the shores of the Black Sea written by Arrian of Nicomedia (Lucius Flavius Arrianus)… Read More
Battle Of Bunker Hill
2023-12-18 16:56
The Battle of Bunker Hill (17 June 1775) was a major engagement in the initial phase of the American Revolutionary War (1775-1783), fought primarily on Breed's Hill in Charlestown, Massachus… Read More
Edward Gibbon
2023-12-18 09:59
Edward Gibbon (1737-1794) was an English historian most famous for his influential work The History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire, volume one of which was published in 1776, wi… Read More
Reforms Of Catherine The Great
2023-12-15 10:01
Catherine II of Russia (Catherine the Great) was the empress regent of Russia from 1762 to 1796. During the mid-18th century, Russia was still regarded as culturally behind compared to Weste… Read More
The Slavic Myths
2023-12-15 08:00
The Slavic Myths, by the historian Noah Charney and the anthropologist and historian Svetlana Slapak, is a wonderfully written and beautifully illustrated book delving into various Slavic my… Read More

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