Integration is one of the basic operations of Calculus which serves as a tool to solve various mathematical problems. Integral calculus also helps in solving problems of physics which involve arbitrary shapes, length of a curve volume of cube etc. Integration is thought of as the inverse process of differentiation, which is another major branch of Calculus. Integral calculus is induced by the problem of defining and calculating the area of the section bounded by the graph of functions. Integration is also referred to as finding a function when its derivative is given.
Integration is introduced in the higher classes i.e. Class XI & XII. It is one of the most important topics in the class XII Mathematics. There is a whole bunch of formulae students need to know and remember to solve problems related to integral calculus.
Notation
The symbol for Integral is a long, styled and slim ‘S’. After the integral symbol, we put the integrand f(x) i.e. the function we want to find the integral of. The function is symbolised with a small letter styled version of ‘f’. dx differential of variable the x is added after the integrand, it indicates that the variable of integration is x.
List of Integral Formulas
The list of Integral Formulas are given below:
- ∫ 1 dx = x + C
- ∫ a dx = ax+ C
- ∫ xn dx = ((xn+1)/(n+1))+C ; n≠1
- ∫ sin x dx = – cos x + C
- ∫ cos x dx = sin x + C
- ∫ sec2 dx = tan x + C
- ∫ csc2 dx = -cot x + C
- ∫ sec x (tan x) dx = sec x + C
- ∫ csc x ( cot x) dx = – csc x + C
- ∫ (1/x) dx = ln |x| + C
- ∫ ex dx = ex+ C
- ∫ ax dx = (ax/ln a) + C ; a>0, a≠1
Some other Integration Formulas are:
Classification of Integral Formulas
The above listed integral Formulas are classified based on the following functions:
- Rational functions
- Irrational functions
- Trigonometric functions
- Inverse trigonometric functions
- Hyperbolic functions
- Inverse hyperbolic functions
- Exponential functions
- Logarithmic functions
- Gaussian function
Solve Using Integral Formulas
1. Calculate ∫ 5x4 dx
2. Find ∫x1+2x−−−−−√dx
3. Solve∫1×2+6x+25dx
Download Integration Formulas pdf
Source
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