Washington, D.C. is one of the most transient metropolitan areas in the world. People not only move into and out of the District. They also move between D.C. and Maryland and Virginia. There are distinct differences between filing bankruptcy in DC, Maryland and Virginia. So where should I file bankruptcy?

Jurisdiction is usually based on residency

Where you live can actually be a tricky question in some cases. But most people have a primary residence, and bankruptcy is usually based on residency. In some cases, we may have the option of filing in the jurisdiction housing your largest asset, regardless of residency. In most cases, however, where you live determines where you file.

To establish residency you must physically move. You must change your driver’s license. Signing a lease or setting up utilities are strong indicators of residency. Finally, you must live in your residence for three months and one day, or the greater part of the last six months.

Maryland allows higher incomes to file Chapter 7

Means testing prevents many people from filing for Chapter 7 bankruptcy. Single filers in Maryland consistently make 15% to 20% more than filers in either the District of Columbia or Virginia. For instance, as of September 2016, the median income for a household size of one in D.C. is $51,907 and in Virginia is $56,456, while single filers in Maryland make $63,401. So more people qualify for Chapter 7 in Maryland which is, however, also a more expensive jurisdiction in which to live.

District of Columbia allows both state and federal exemptions

Maryland and Virginia are both “opt out” exemption states, so you must use the state exemptions. In the District of Columbia, you can use either the D.C. or the federal exemptions. The homestead law (which protects home equity) in D.C. is one of the strongest in the country and protects the entire amount of equity in a primary residence. The homestead exemptions in Virginia and Maryland protect only meager amounts of home equity.

Under certain circumstances, the federal exemptions are superior to the state exemptions. In those cases, consider taking up residency in D.C. in order to protect your property from Chapter 7 liquidation.

Talk to an attorney first

Do not change your primary residence simply because you think you’ll have better chances in bankruptcy. Talk to an attorney first. If you are concerned about exemption laws, or about protecting your home, your cars, your savings or other property, give us a call.

If you find yourself asking, “Where Should I File Bankruptcy?” then your next thought should be scheduling a consultation with a local bankruptcy attorney.

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