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planting and production of Bottle gourd

Tags: soil plant flower

 

Bottle gourd cultivation and production


Plant division:

Bottle gourd  belongs to the Cucubitaceae family

The scientific name is Siceraria lagenaria and belongs to the genus Lagenaria, which is derived from

Lagena is the Latin word for bottle. It is called in English

Bottle gourd 


 Botanical description:


 A herbaceous perennial Plant with creeping or climbing stems that can grow up to 4 feet tall

 meters, with bristles and tendrils.

 The leaves are simple, covered with a thick velvety pubescence, the leaf width is up to

 40 cm.

 The root system is very spreading and goes deep into the Soil.


Flowers:

 Bottle gourd is monoecious, which means it bears both male and female flowers on the

 same plant. The ratio of male to female flowers is as high as the rest of the cucumber,

 reaching 9:1.

Male flowers appear 8-18 weeks after sowing, while female flowers appear after about

 2-4 weeks, and the period for female flowers to appear lasts about 3-12 weeks,

 depending on the type and environmental conditions.

Flowers are single in the axillary leaves. Female flowers are formed on the lateral

 stems and, rarely, the top of the stem. Flowers that appear in the axils of the basal

 leaves are more likely to form nodes and fruits than those that appear near the tops of

 the stems.


Origin and date of cultivation:

It is grown in tropical and subtropical climates as well as in dry and semi-dry regions.

 Africa is his original home, and from there he moved to Asia and the Americas more than

 9,000 years ago.

He most likely arrived in the Americas via some fruits that floated on the surface of the

 Atlantic Ocean. Pumpkin fruits can retain the vitality of their seeds for seven months while

 they are floating in sea water.The pumpkin is one of the oldest plants grown in the world,

 and archaeologists say that the pumpkin crop was used at least 12,000 years ago in the Old

 and New Worlds. Pumpkin has been known in Pharaonic Egypt since 3500–3000 years BC.

 It was found in Thailand between 6000 and 10,000 years BC, and in Mexico, 5000–7000

 B.C., and in Peru, 4000–5000 years B.C. It was also found in Europe, in the north of the

 Alps, during the reign of The Roman Empire in the first century AD.


Environmental needs:

 Bottle gourd is a warm-weather plant. Seed germination is suitable for temperatures between 20 and 25 °C, and seeds can germinate at temperatures lower than those 15 °C and higher up to 35 °C, but germination is slow. The most suitable range ranges from 18 to 22 °C at night and from 30 to 35 °C during the day, and a decrease in temperature from 5 to 10 °C reduces flowering.

 Bottle gourd is more cold-tolerant than watermelon and cantaloupe but not frost-tolerant.

 Pumpkin flowers are sensitive to the length of the photoperiod. The long day and high temperatures lead to an increase in the number of female flowers over the male ones. While in the short day and low temperatures, the number of male flowers increases from the feminine.

 Suitable soil:

Bottle gourd cultivation works well in a variety of soil types. Only the best lands for farming are loamy, well-drained soils. Bottle gourd plants are somewhat salt-tolerant, as the seeds can germinate in the presence of salts up to a concentration of 4600 ppm.

Bottle gourd plants tolerate a wide range of soil pH up to 8, but the suitable degree of soil acidity approaching 5.6 is one of the characteristics of Egyptian land, which

It is considered alkaline soil with a pH of 8. In sandy soils, it reaches 5.8 degrees, while it reaches 9 degrees in limestone lands.

This affects the facilitation of nutrients into the soil. The element of nitrogen in the soil is available in a temperature range of 6-8 degrees and decreases with increasing soil alkalinity or acidity.

Nitrogen is very weak at a pH above 5.8 and below 5.5.

Calcium becomes more readily available in the 5.8° range and decreases with increasing soil alkalinity. And elemental phosphorus becomes more accessible in the range.

It ranges between 5.6 and 5.7 degrees and decreases with an increase in soil pH from 5.7 degrees; then, it reaches a critical level at 5.8 degrees. In alkaline soil, the facilitation of all iron decreases; manganese, copper, zinc, and boron become easy factors of critical boron when pH rises above 5.7, and its deficiency becomes apparent at pH 8, but it begins to increase again with pH above 5.8.

In general, Bottle gourd plants can be grown successfully in alkaline soil whenever possible, as it readily absorbs the nutrients required for plant growth. This enables it to be cultivated in both old and new lands.


Sowing date:

 Bottle gourd is a summer crop that needs moderate temperatures and is affected by frost.  In the low temperatures, leaves burn, growth stops, and flowers are reduced or absent. Therefore, in the case of cultivation to produce green fruits, it can extend from March to September in most parts of the Republic. It can be early.

  •  It is planted in January and February in warm, sandy lands and under cellars  PVC. Seeds can also be sown in October in Upper Egypt  warm lands.

  • As for seed production, the most suitable date for sowing is during the first half of Upper  Egypt begins in March, and Lower Egypt begins in April when plants grow and ripen their fruits in hot,  dry weather. 

  • The plants reach the flowering stage during May when the temperatures are at the  appropriate rates for insect activity, so the pollination is successful, the fruits are set, and the seeds are  well formed. While the plants are planted early in February, they flower in March when temperatures  are relatively low and insect activity is, therefore, low, which is reflected in the efficiency of the  vaccination process, which is not completed well. 

  • Also, when planting, delay planting until May, as the  plants reach flowering during June when the temperatures are remarkably high. 
  • This hot, dry weather  causes the pollen to dry and thus not stick to the insect's body. The seed yield decreases.



Seed quantity:

 To plant an acre, about 1.25–2 kg of seeds are required, depending on the grade. As the temperature rises at some point during planting, the amount of seed used decreases.

 Temperatures. Egypt currently has no advanced varieties or hybrids, and what has grown is an open-pollinated commercial range.

Seed practices for cultivation (The seed germination system):

 To accelerate growth, seeds are softened by germination before planting in cold frames.

Since the germination of seeds is low at temperatures that can be lower

 around 20 degrees Celsius This procedure takes place as follows:

 1. The seeds are placed in a bit of gauze or light burlap for twenty-four days.1 hour in lukewarm water containing a fungicide (Topson MO or Vitavex).

 or Rezolux) at a rate of 1 gram of pesticide per liter of water, assuming that the water is changed every 24 hours.

 12 hours.

 2. The seeds are then filtered from the water and wrapped in gauze or burlap.

 Wet the beef and put it inside the refrigerator beneath the freezer for twenty-four hours.

Take into account that the length of the plant does not exceed 1-3 mm, and then the seeds are sown properly after it is taken out of the fridge.

Seedling production:

 It is usually recommended to provide seedlings for early seed planting for 4-6 weeks under protection.

 It has been confirmed that the best mixture for generating seedlings includes peat moss and fiber. Myculite at a ratio of 1:1, and the pH of the peat moss is adjusted to raise it from 4.3 to 7 by including 4 kg of tile powder; this quantity is decreased in the case of peat moss with a pH better than 5.3.

 Add 150 grams of superphosphate and 200 grams of sulfate to each peat moss bag. ammonia, 25 grams of Benlite or Topsin, 50 grams of any combination of trace factors (iron, zinc, and manganese), or 50 cm3of foliar fertilizer.

 Small quantities of those gadgets are dissolved in the correct quantity of water and sprayed. The environment is mechanically or manually combined with the addition of water daily and continues.

 Mixing until the aggregate is saturated with a suitable quantity of moisture is referred to as "first fullness." With the combination of the surroundings and the strain on it, the water comes out from between the fingers.

 The blending is finished on a chunk of plastic, and after making sure that the integration is complete, the edges are wrapped.

 Wrap the mixture in plastic wrap and place it in the refrigerator for twenty-four hours.

 Fill eighty-four-inch foam trays halfway with the mixture and press down on the

 environment inside the trays till it has a suitable consistency. Each eye receives one

 seed, the trays are irrigated on the pinnacles of each different, and an empty tray is

 placed on the stack and blanketed with a sheet of plastic to maintain warmth and

 moisture. The trays are inspected each day and separated as quickly as germination

 begins, considering that there may be no postponement. Spread the trays so that the

 cotyledonous leaves do not flip yellow.


Irrigation:

It is assumed that irrigation is performed on the protector (pilot) so that water reaches the plants from above the radiation path.

Increased irrigation water and water reaching the back of the terraces aid in the spread of fungal diseases. Irrigation must be regulated during flowering, setting, and fruit development with frequent light irrigation.

where irregularity affects the percentage of nodes and flower drops. Irrigation must be stopped before harvesting the fruits in order to extract the seeds in time for the fruits to dry.

Ordinary soil needs 4-6 waterings, which increase in the case of light soil and sandy soil, and it may reach 10 irrigations, taking into account the delay in the first irrigation until the roots are able to go deep into the soil.


Fertilization:

Plant growth stages and their relationship to fertilization:

First, the stage of vegetative and root growth

At this stage, the plant needs large amounts of phosphorus, which enters It is involved in cell division and the formation of new vegetative and root growths. 

The synthesis of ADP-ATP energy compounds is necessary for the absorption of elements and nutrients from the soil through the roots, in the sense of raising the absorption efficiency of the roots, especially in the early stages of growth.

 But there must be nitrogen next to it. Phosphorus is in large quantities at this stage because it is included in the composition of the protein and the nucleus.


All new vegetative growths are referred to as It is also mentioned that potassium is important at this stage because it aids in cell division.


osmosis, but the plant needs it in small quantities. Further, it appears the main role for magnesium and iron is in the formation of chlorophyll. It also shows the key role of calcium.





This post first appeared on Guideline For Veggies, please read the originial post: here

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