Mohammad
Rasoulof is different from most filmmakers. He does not adapt written works—he
writes his own original screenplays stitched together from what he observes and
hears from Iranian compatriots. He has made a modest tally of seven fictional feature
films to date and these have picked up a Golden Bear at Berlin, a Golden
Peacock in India, a Gold and a Silver Hugo at Chicago and three major awards at
Cannes’ importantUn Certain Regard section, among 36 prestigious awards and prizes won
globally. The seven feature films do not include his two feature-length
docu-dramas/documentaries—Intentional
Crime (2022) and Head Wind
(2008).
Rasoulof
loves to encapsulate the human condition of present day life in Iran and the
aspirations of its population in realistic tales that avoids direct criticism of the Iranian government. Unlike the Iranian director Abbas Kiarostami,
who never made a film that was obviously critical of the government, Jafar
Panahi(once Kiarostami’s assistant) has
evolved into an Iranian filmmaker winning praise, on his own merit, making feature
films in which couched criticism of the lack of freedom in contemporary Iran is
comparably more forthright. Rasoulof, in turn worked with Panahi on Panahi’s
films initially, until Rasoulof, too, became an equally world-renowned filmmaker
winning awards worldwide. The Iranian government has not been happy with Rasoulof ever since he made made his second
film Iron Island. Today, both Panahi
and Rasoulof are in prison because of the contents of the films they made and
their social activism. While Rasoulof’s first film Gagooman (2002) did not ruffle feathers, in spite of the fact that its
two principal characters are prisoners serving time in an Iranian jail for
minor crimes. That film was widely appreciated within Iran went on to win the
Best First Film award at the Fajr Film Festival in Iran. Then came Iron Island (2005) and the spate of problems
for the director from the Iranian government sprouted for each subsequent film he made.
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The Captain (Ali Nasirian) warns the lad, Ahmad, not to pursue the unmarried lass on the ship
The unmarried lass, with her face partially covered, as per certain Muslim traditions, is living on the tanker and shows interest in Ahmad
The film
Iron Island is not about a real
island; it is merely a description of a disused oil tanker anchored off-shore, a
vessel that is gradually sinking. Rasoulof transforms the disused tanker,
awaiting eventual shipbreaking, into a contemporary Noah's ark, providing
refuge for homeless poor Iranians, young and old, under the care of a seemingly
benevolent "Captain," who is able to provide food and medicines for
the refugees her brings on board. He is able to buy provisions and medicines by gradually selling off metal parts and oil on the ship that the young men are made to identify and rip off the ship each day. The
Captain is a veiled representation of the Iranian Government, which is
dictatorial and brutal to those who step out of line, while appearing to be
benevolent to others. The same benevolent Captain, in the film, also mercilessly
tortures a lad, who escapes the ship when his beloved, an unmarried girl with a
partly masked face, is given away in marriage by the Captain to someone else
living on the mainland (a process that makes the 'Captain' richer). The lad is caught and brought back to the “iron island”
all tied up in a boat. The 'Captain' teaches the errant lad a tortorous lesson that leaves him almost dead. The motley refugee group on the “iron island” represents
the innocent folk with little or no income, who accept their fate without being
able to question their benefactor’s (the Captain’s) motives or actions out of a
combination of fear and gratitude.
The
boy called Fish, ultimately is made to leave the tanker for the shore but resumes his pastime, searching for small fishes, this time trapped on the sandy beach. He picks one and throws them back into the sea as he used to while on the
tanker, little realizing that there are fishermen’s nets set up in the water to catch such fish.
The
lovers on the tanker who were forcibly separated by the Captain are brought
together by fate even though the lad is lying in a mosque recovering from his recent
torture ordeal and his beloved is married to a rich person who owns a car and employs a chauffeur. The viewer is left to figure out the outcome of that possible meeting which is never shown on screen. Similarly, the viewer has to figure
out the allegory of the Captain’s angry action of throwing out the working TV
the boys had painstakingly made to work.
The "Captain" intervenes in a skirmish between two lads as an elder and peace prevails
The "Captain" collects passports of all adults on the tanker as precursor to collecting their signatures, the purpose of which is never revealed, even when questioned. The viewer has to conjecture the purpose.
Rasoulof’s
films provide punches but the endings of each film are deliberately left open-ended. He does it intentionally; his films have to pass the national censors.
It is unclear how many of his films have actually been released in Iran and, if
released, how much is censored.
Iron Island may not be as sophisticated
as Rasoulof's later films but it makes you think beyond the obvious tale.
Rasoulof is definitely one of the finest and the boldest filmmakers in Iran, if
not the world, now languishing in prison. His crime--he made films that were indirectly critical of
lack of freedom in Iran in recent decades and his social activism. The bravery and the acclaim of his films cannot be equalled by most other filmmakers, currently alive and making films.
The "Captain" is attired more like an Arab rather than a typical Iranian but speaks Farsi the language of Iran
We
live in a world where filmmakers cannot tell the truth without offending the
governments in power, even though the respective governments criticised are often "elected" democratically. There are brave filmmakers who present the truth using allegory
and fables, to bypass hawk-eyed Government censors. In Russia, film directors
Andrei Zvyagintsev, Andrei
Konchalovsky and Alexei German ,Sr.,
have made allegorical films. Raul Ruiz made films made films in exile with despondent references to his native Chile. When they do make such films they often win major
awards at reputed film festivals such as Cannes, Berlin, Venice and Locarno,
among others. Contemporary Iranian filmmakers Jafar Panahi, Mohammad Rasoulof,
and Mohsen Amiryousefi are three prominent talented filmmakers who have made
films that made the Iranian government uncomfortable often banning their
release within the country. Panahi and Rasoukof have been sentenced to long jail terms and are
released for short periods for medical or other reasons, after which they have to
return to prison and complete their sentences. It is not clear how many citizens
in Iran have seen the completed works of these filmmakers in public screenings and, if so,
whether the films were shown without cuts by the censors.
Iron Island is merely a harbinger to
Rasoulof’s later films. His later film Goodbye
is an extension of the young lad’s decision to leave the tanker and the
oppressive environment in Iron Island.
His film Man of Integrity, a film on
corruption within Iran and on intolerance of minorities is glimpsed by the Iron Island’s Captain’s actions of
collecting signatures of the refugees without adequate explanation and sale of
the ship’s parts without the knowledge of the real owners, who innocently believe he is doing a good deed for the refugees. What is quite evident is that
Rasoulof has improved further technically with each film, ultimately reaching
world standards in There is No Evil,
which won the Golden Bear at the Berlin film festival. Panahi, Rasoulof and
Amiryousefi need the support of cineastes who value filmmakers who use the
medium creatively for improving the freedom within Iran and promote the aspirations of its citizens..
P.S. Iron Island wonthe Golden Peacock
award for the best film in competition at
the International Film Festival of India (2005); the Cinema prize and the
Script prize at the Avanca Film Festival (Portugal) (2007); the Special Jury
prize at the Gijon International Film
Festival (Spain) (2005); Screenplay
award at the Montreal Festival of New Cinema (Canada) (2005; and the Critics prize
at the Hamburg Film Festival (2005). Three of Rasoulof’s later films Goodbye (2011), A Man of Integrity (2017) and There is No Evil (2020) have
been reviewed on this blog earlier. So are Zvyagintsev's The Return and Leviathan; Konchalovsky's Shy People, The Postman's White Nights and Paradise; Ruiz' That Day. (Please click on their names in this post-script
to access those reviews)
279. Iranian film director Mohammad Rasoulof’s second feature film “Jazireh Ahani “ (Iron Island) (2005), based on his original screenplay: Brave cinema focusing on the travails faced by the common citizen, using allegory to bypass hawkish national censors