The dicots, short for dicotyledons (Class Magnoliopsida), are one of two classes of flowering plants, or angiosperms, within the Kingdom Plantae, the other being the monocots, or monocotyledons (Class Liliopsida). The major distinguishing features between monocots and dicots are discussed here.
Dicots number somewhat more than 200,000 species worldwide, with approximately 1,800 known from Michigan. I here list 999 species of dicots attributed to Berrien County (approximately 55 percent of the Michigan dicot flora) by the Online Atlas of Michigan Plants; these 999 species represent 42 orders, 103 families, and 456 genera.
As a class, the dicots are much more diverse than the monocots. The five most abundant dicot families—Asteraceae (asters), Rosaceae (roses), Fabaceae (peas), Brassicaceae (mustards), and Lamiaceae (mints)—account for just 38 percent of the dicot flora of Berrien County. By contrast, the two most abundant monocot families—Poaceae (grasses) and Cyperaceae (sedges)—account for a whopping 80 percent of the county’s monocot flora.
In the following list, scientific and common names follow the USDA Plants database. Species known to occur in Berrien County only as a result of human Introduction are denoted by [I]. Species for which there is a question as to their Native or Introduced origin are denoted [I?].
The status of species determined to be Special Plants in Michigan are denoted as follows: [T] = Threatened, [SC] = Special Concern, [X] = possibly Extirpated.
The growth habits of certain species are denoted as follows: {f/b} = forb/herb, {ss} = subshrub [=dwarf shrub], {s} = shrub, {t} = tree, {v} = vine (woody plus herbaceous); plants that occur only as forbs/herbs or are not so designated.
A hat (^) denotes the handful of species attributed to Berrien County in Michigan’s Special Plants database that are not also represented in the Online Atlas of Michigan Plants.
ORDER APIALES
Family Apiaceae [=Umbelliferaceae] (carrot family):Aethusa cynapium, Fool’s Parsley [I] Anethum graveolens, Dill [I] Angelica atropurpurea, Purplestem Angelica Berula erecta, Cutleaf Waterparsnip [T] Chaerophyllum procumbens, Spreading Chervil Cicuta bulbifera, Bulblet-bearing Water Hemlock Cicuta maculata, Spotted Water Hemlock Conium maculatum, Poison Hemlock [I] Cryptotaenia canadensis, Canadian Honewort Daucus carota, Queen Anne’s Lace Erigenia bulbosa, Harbinger of Spring Eryngium yuccifolium, Button Eryngo [T] Heracleum maximum, Common Cowparsnip Hydrocotyle umbellata, Mayflower Marshpennywort Osmorhiza claytonii, Clayton’s Sweetroot Osmorhiza longistylis, Longstyle Sweetroot Oxypolis rigidior, Stiff Cowbane Pastinaca sativa, Wild Parsnip [I] Sanicula canadensis, Canadian Blacksnakeroot Sanicula marilandica, Maryland Sanicle Sanicula odorata, Clustered Blacksnakeroot Sanicula trifoliata, Largefruit Blacksnakeroot Sium suave, Hemlock Waterparsnip Taenidia integerrima, Yellow Pimpernel Thaspium barbinode, Hairyjoint Meadowparsnip Thaspium trifoliatum, Purple Meadowparsnip Torilis japonica, Erect Hedgeparsley [I] Zizia aurea, Golden Zizia
Family Araliaceae (ginseng family):Aralia hispida, Bristly Sarsaparilla Aralia nudicaulis, Wild Sarsaparilla Aralia racemosa, American Spikenard Panax quinquefolius, American Ginseng [T] Panax trifolius, Dwarf Ginseng
ORDER ARISTOLOCHIALES
Family Aristolochiaceae (birthwort family):Aristolochia serpentaria, Virginia Snakeroot [T] Asarum canadense, Canadian Wildginger Asclepias amplexicaulis, Clasping Milkweed Asclepias excaltata, Poke Milkweed Asclepias incarnata, Swamp Milkweed Asclepias purpurascens, Purple Milkweed [SC] Asclepias syriaca, Common Milkweed Asclepias tuberosa, Butterfly Milkweed Asclepias verticillata, Whorled Milkweed Asclepias viridiflora, Green Comet Milkweed Cynanchum (=Vincetoxicum) rossicum, European Swallow-wort [I]
ORDER ASTERALES
Family Asteraceae [=Compositae] (aster family):Achillea filipendulina, Fernleaf Yarrow [I] Achillea millefolium, Common Yarrow [I?] Ageratina (=Eupatorium) altissima (=rugosum), White Snakeroot Ambrosia artemisiifolia, Annual Ragweed Ambrosia psilostachya, Cuman Ragweed Ambrosia trifida, Great Ragweed Antennaria howellii, Howell’s Pussytoes Antennaria neglecta, Field Pussytoes Antennaria parlinii, Parlin’s Pussytoes Anthemis arvensis, Corn Chamomile [I] Anthemis cotula, Stinking Chamomile [I] Arctium minus, Lesser Burdock [I] Arnoglossum (=Cacalia) atriplicifolium (=atriplicifolia), Pale Indian Plantain Arnoglossum (=Cacalia) plantagineum (=plantaginea), Groovestem Indian Plantain [SC] Artemisia biennis, Biennial Wormwood [I] Artemisia campestris, Field Sagewort Artemisia ludoviciana, White Sagebrush Artemisia vulgaris, Common Wormwood [I?] Bellis perennis, Lawndaisy [I] Bidens (=Megalodonta) beckii, Beck’s Water-marigold Bidens cernus (=cernuus), Nodding Beggarticks Bidens connatus, Purplestem Beggarticks Bidens coronatus, Crowned Beggarticks Bidens discoidea (=discoideus), Small Beggarticks Bidens frondosa (=frondosus), Devil’s Beggarticks Bidens tripartite (=comosus), Threelobe Beggarticks Bidens vulgate (=vulgatus), Big Devils Beggarticks Brickellia (=Kuhnia) eupatorioides, False Boneset [SC] Centaurea stoebe, Spotted Knapweed [I] Chondrilla juncea, Rush Skeletonweed [I] Cichorium intybus, Chicory [I] Cirsium altissimum, Tall Thistle Cirsium arvense, Canada Thistle [I] Cirsium discolor, Field Thistle Cirsium hillii, Hill’s Thistle [SC (last observed 1932)] Cirsium muticum, Swamp Thistle Cirsium pitcheri, Sand Dune Thistle [T] Cirsium vulgare, Bull Thistle [I] Conoclinium (=Eupatorium) coelestinum, Blue Mistflower Conyza canadensis, Canadian Horseweed Coreopsis grandflora, Largeflower Tickseed Coreopsis lanceolata, Lanceleaf Tickseed Coreopsis palmata, Stiff Tickseed [T] Coreopsis tripteris, Tall Tickseed Crepis tectorum, Narrowleaf Hawksbeard [I] Doellingeria (=Aster) umbellate (=umbellatus), Parasol Whitetop Echinacea pallida, Pale Purple Coneflower Echinops sphaerocephalus, Great Globethistle [I] Erechtites hieraciifolia, American Burnweed Erigeron annuus, Eastern Daisy Fleabane Erigeron philadelphicus, Philadelphia Fleabane Erigeron pulchellus, Robin’s Plantain Erigeron strigosus, Prairie Fleabane Eupatoriadelphus (=Eupatorium) fistulosa (=fistulosum), Trumpetweed [T] Eupatoriadelphus (=Eupatorium) maculates (=maculatum), Spotted Trumpetweed Eupatorium altissimum, Tall Thoroughwort Eupatorium perfoliatum, Common Boneset Eupatorium purpureum, Sweetscented Joe Pye Weed Eupatorium serotinum, Lateflowering Thoroughwort Eurybia (=Aster) macrophylla (=macrophyllus), Bigleaf Aster Euthamia graminifolia, Flat-top Goldentop Euthamia gymnospermoides (=remota), Texas Goldentop Gaillardia pulchella, Firewheel [I] Galinsoga quadriradiata, Shaggy Soldier [I] Gamochaeta (=Gnaphalium) purpurea (=purpureum), Spoonleaf Purple Everlasting Gnaphalium uliginosum, Marsh Cudweed [I] Grindelia squarrosa, Curlycup Gumweed Grindelia (=Haplopappus) papposa (=ciliatus), Spanish Gold Helenium autumnale, Common Sneezeweed Helianthus annuus, Common Sunflower Helianthus decapetalus, Thinleaf Sunflower Helianthus divaricatus, Woodland Sunflower Helianthus giganteus, Giant Sunflower Helianthus hirsutus, Hairy Sunflower^ [SC] Helianthus mollis, Ashy Sunflower [T (last observed 1939)] Helianthus occidentalis, Fewleaf Sunflower Helianthus petiolaris, Prairie Sunflower Helianthus tuberosus, Jerusalem Artichoke Heliopsis helianthoides, Smooth Oxeye Hieracium aurantiacum, Orange Hawkweed [I] Hieracium caespitosum, Meadow Hawkweed [I] Hieracium flagellare, Hieracium gronovii, Queendevil Hieracium kalmii, Kalm’s Hawkweed Hieracium longipilum, Hairy Hawkweed Hieracium paniculatum, Allegheny Hawkweed [SC] Hieracium piloselloides, Mouse-ear Hawkweed [I] Hieracium scabrum, Rough Hawkweed Hypochaeris radicata, Hairy Cat’s Ear [I] Inula helenium, Elecampane Inula [I] Krigia biflora, Twoflower Dwarfdandelion Krigia virginica, Virginia Dwarfdandelion Lactuca biennis, Tall Blue Lettuce Lactuca canadensis, Canada Lettuce Lactuca hirsuta, Hairy Lettuce Lactuca serriola, Prickly Lettuce [I] Lapsana communis, Common Nipplewort [I] Liatris aspersa, Tall Blazing Star Liatris scariosa, Devil’s Bite Liatris spicata, Dense Blazing Star Leucanthemum (=Chrysanthemum) vulgare (=leucanthemum), Oxeye Daisy [I] Matricaria discoidea, Disc Mayweed [I] Oligoneuron (=Solidago) ohioense (=ohioensis), Ohio Goldenrod Oligoneuron (=Solidago) riddellii, Riddell’s Goldenrod Oligoneuron (=Solidago) rigidum (=rigida), Stiff Goldenrod Packera (=Senecio) aurea (=aureus), Golden Ragwort Packera (=Senecio) glabella (=glabellus), Butterweed Packera (=Senecio) paupercula (=pauperculus), Balsam Groundsel Packera (=Senecio) plattensis, Prairie Groundsel Picris hieracioides, Hawkweed Oxtongue [I?] Polymnia canadensis, Whiteflower Leafcup Polymnia uvedalius (=uvedalia), Hairy Leafcup [T] Prenanthes alba, White Rattlesnakeroot Prenanthes altissima, Tall Rattlesnakeroot Prenanthes racemosa, Purple Rattlesnakeroot Pseudognaphalium (=Gnaphalium) macounii, MaCoun’s Cudweed Pseudognaphalium (=Gnaphalium) obtusifolium, Rabbit-tobacco Ratibida columnifera, Upright Prairie Coneflower Ratibida pinnata, Pinnate Prairie Coneflower Rudbeckia fulgida, Orange Coneflower Rudbeckia hirta, Blackeyed Susan Rudbeckia laciniata, Cutleaf Coneflower Rudbeckia triloba, Browneyed Susan Senecio vulgaris, Old-man-in-the-spring [I] Silphium integrifolium, Wholeleaf Rosinweed [T] Silphium lacinatum, Compassplant [T] Silphium perfoliatum, Cup Plant [T] Silphium terebinthinaceum, Prairie Rosinweed Solidago altissima, Canada Goldenrod Solidago caesia, Wreath Goldenrod Solidago canadensis, Canada Goldenrod Solidago flexicaulis, Zigzag Goldenrod Solidago gigantea, Giant Goldenrod Solidago hispida, Hairy Goldenrod Solidago juncea, Early Goldenrod Solidago nemoralis, Gray Goldenrod Solidago patula, Roundleaf Goldenrod Solidago rugosa, Wrinkleleaf Goldenrod Solidago sempervirens, Seaside Goldenrod Solidago simplex, Mt. Albert Goldenrod Solidago speciosa, Showy Goldenrod Solidago uliginosa, Bog Goldenrod Solidago ulmifolia, Elmleaf Goldenrod Sonchus arvensis, Field Sowthistle [I] Sonchus asper, Spiny Sowthistle [I] Sonchus oleraceus, Common Sowthistle [I] Symphyotrichum (=Aster) borealis, Northern Bog Aster Symphyotrichum (=Aster) ciliatum (=brachyactis), Rayless Alkali Aster Symphyotrichum (=Aster) cordifolium (=cordifolius & sagittifolius), Common Blue Wood Aster Symphyotrichum (=Aster) dumosum (=dumosus), Rice Button Aster Symphyotrichum (=Aster) ericoides, White Heath Aster Symphyotrichum (=Aster) laeve (=laevis), Smooth Blue Aster Symphyotrichum (=Aster) lanceolatum (=lanceolatus), White Panicle Aster Symphyotrichum (=Aster) lateriflorum (=lateriflorus), Calico Aster Symphyotrichum (=Aster) novae-angliae, New England Aster Symphyotrichum (=Aster) ontarionis, Bottomland Aster Symphyotrichum (=Aster) oolentangiense (=oolentangiensis), Skyblue Aster Symphyotrichum (=Aster) pilusum (=pilosus), Hairy White Oldfield Aster Symphyotrichum (=Aster) puniceum (=firmus & puniceus), Purplestar Aster Tanacetum (=Chrysanthemum) balsamita, Costmary [I] Tanacetum (=Chrysanthemum) parthenium, Feverfew [I] Tanacetum vulgare, Common Tansy [I] Taraxacum laevigatum (=erythrospermum), Rock Dandelion [I] Taraxacum officinale, Common Dandelion [I?] Tragopogon dubius, Yellow Salsify [I] Tragopogon lamottei (=pratensis), Jack-go-to-bed-at-noon [I] Tragopogon porrifolius, Salsify [I] Tussilago farfara, Coltsfoot [I] Verbesina alternifolia, Wingstem Vernonia gigantean, Giant Ironweed Vernonia missurica, Missouri Ironweed Xanthium strumarium, Rough Cocklebur
ORDER CAMPANULALES
Family Campanulaceae (bellflower family):Campanula aparinoides, Marsh Bellflower Campanula rotundifolia, Bluebell Bellflower Campanulastrium (=Campanula) americanum (=americana), American Bellflower Lobelia cardinalis, Cardinalflower Lobelia inflata, Indian-tobacco Lobelia kalmii, Ontario Lobelia Lobelia siphilitica, Great Blue Lobelia Lobelia spicata, Palespike Lobelia Triodanis perfoliata, Clasping Venus’ Looking-glass
ORDER CAPARALES
Family Brassicaceae [Cruciferae] (mustard family):Alliaria petiolata, Garlic Mustard [I] Alyssum alyssoides, Pale Madwort [I] Arabidopsis thaliana, Mouse-ear Cress [I] Arabis canadensis, Sicklepod Arabis drummondii, Drummond’s Rockcress Arabis glabra, Tower Rockcress Arabis laevigata, Smooth Rockcress Arabis lyrata, Lyrate Rockcress Arabis missouriensis, Green Rockcress [SC] Armoracia rusticana, Horseradish [I] Barbarea verna, Early Yellowrocket [I] Barbarea vulgaris, Garden Yellowrocket [I] Berteroa incana, Hoary Alyssum [I] Brassica nigra, Black Mustard [I] Cakile edentula, American Searocket Camelina microcarpa, Littlepod False Flax [I] Capsella bursa-pastoris, Shepherd’s Purse [I] Cardamine bulbosa, Bulbous Bittercress Cardamine (=Dentaria) concatenata (=laciniata), Cutleaf Toothwort Cardamine (=Dentaria) diphylla, Crinkleroot Cardamine douglassii, Limestone Bittercress Cardamine hirsuta, Hairy Bittercress [I] Cardamine pensylvanica, Pennsylvania Bittercress Cardamine pratensis, Cuckoo Flower Cardaria draba, Whitetop [I] Coincya monensis, Star-mustard [I] Descurainia pinnata, Western Tansymustard Diplotaxis muralis, Annual Wallrocket [I] Draba reptans, Carolina Draba [T (last observed 1931)] Draba (=Erophila) verna, Spring Draba [I] Erucastrum gallicum, Common Dogmustard [I] Erysimum cheiranthoides, Wormseed Wallflower [I] Hesperis matronalis, Dames Rocket [I] Lepidium campestre, Field Pepperweed [I] Lepidium densiflorum, Common Pepperweed Lepidium virginicum, Virginia Pepperweed Lunaria annua, Annual Honesty [I] Nasturtium officinale, Watercress [I] Raphanus raphanistrum, Wild Radish [I] Raphanus sativa, Cultivated Radish [I] Rorippa palustris, Bog Yellowcress Rorippa sylvestris, Creeping Yellowcress [I] Sinapis (=Brassica) alba, White Mustard [I] Sinapis (=Brassica) arvensis (=kaber), Wild Mustard [I] Sisymbrium altissimum, Tall Tumblemustard [I] Sisymbrium officinale, Hedgemustard [I] Teesdalia nudicaulis, Barestem Teesdalia [I] Thlaspi arvense, Field Pennycress [I]
Family Caparaceae (caper family):Polanisia dodecandra, Redwhisker Clammyweed
ORDER CARYOPHYLLALES
Family Amaranthaceae (amaranth family):Amaranthus albus, Prostrate Pigweed [I] Amaranthus blitoides, Mat Amaranth [I] Amaranthus hybridus, Slim Amaranth Amaranthus powellii, Powell’s Amaranth Amaranthus retroflexus, Redroot Amaranth Amaranthus tuberculatus, Roughfruit Amaranth Froelichia gracilis, Slender Snakecotton
Family Cactaceae (cactus family):Opuntia humifusa, Devil’s-tongue {s}
Family Caryophyllaceae (pink family):Agrostemma githago, Common Corncockle [I] Arenaria serpyllifolia, Thymeleaf Sandwort [I] Cerastium arvense, Field Chickweed [I?] Cerastium fontanum, Common Mouse-ear Chickweed [I] Cerastium semidecandrum, Fivestamen Chickweed [I] Dianthus armeria, Deptford Pink [I] Dianthus barbatus, Sweetwilliam [I] Dianthus deltoides, Maiden Pink [I] Herniaria glabra, Smooth Rupturewort [I] Holosteum umbellatum, Jagged Chickweed [I] Lychnis coronaria, Rose Campion [I] Minuartia michauxii, Michaux’s Stitchwort Moehringia lateriflora, Bluntleaf Sandwort Paronychia canadensis, Smooth Forked Nailwort Saponaria officinalis, Bouncingbet [I] Scleranthus annuus, German Knotgrass [I] Silene antirrhina, Sleepy Silene Silene ameria, Sweet William Silene [I] Silene conica, Striped Corn Catchfly [I] Silene dichotoma, Forked Catchfly [I] Silene latifolia, Bladder Campion [I] Silene stellata, Widowsfrill [T Silene vulgaris, Maidenstears [I] Spergularia marina, Media Sandspurry [I] Stellaria graminea, Grass-like Starwort [I] Stellaria longifolia, Longleaf Starwort Stelleria media (including pallida), Common Chickweed [I] Vaccaria hispanica, Cow Soapwort [I]
Family Molluginaceae (carpet-weed family):Mollugo verticillata, Green Carpetweed
Family Nyctaginaceae (four o’clock family):Mirabilis linearis, Narrowleaf Four o’clock Mirabilis nyctaginea, Heartleaf Four o’clock
Family Phytolacaceae (pokeweed family):Phytolacca americana, American Pokeweed
Family Portulacaceae (purslane family):Claytonia virginica, Virginia Springbeauty Portulaca oleracea, Little Hogweed [I]
ORDER CELASTRALES
Family Aquifoliaceae (holly family):Ilex (=Nemopanthus) mucronata (=mucronatus), Catberry {s/t} Ilex verticillata, Common Winterberry {s/t}
Family Celastraceae (bittersweet family):Celastrus orbiculata, Oriental Bittersweet [I] {v} Celastrus scandens, American Bittersweet {v} Euonymus alatus (=alata), Burningbush [I] {s} Euonymus europaeus (=europaea), European Spindletree [I] {s/t} Euonymus hamiltonianus (=hamiltoniana), Hamilton’s Spindletree [I] {s/t} Euonymus obovatus (=obovata), Running Strawberry Bush {ss/s/v}
ORDER CHENOPODIALES
Family Chenopodiaceae (goosefoot family):Atriplex patula, Spear Saltbush [I] Chenopodium album, Lambsquarters [I?] Chenopodium (=Dysphania) ambrosioides, Mexican Tea [I] Chenopodium (=Dysphania) botrys, Jerusalem Oak Goosefoot [I] Chenopodium simplex, Mapleleaf Goosefoot Chenopodium subglabrum, Smooth Goosefoot Corispermum pallasi, Siberian Bugseed [I] Cycloloma atriplicifolium, Winged Pigweed Bassia (=Kochia) scoparia, Burningbush [I] Salsola tragus, Prickly Russian Thistle [I]
ORDER CORNALES
Family Cornaceae [including Nyssaceae] (dogwood family):Cornus alternifolia, Alternateleaf Dogwood {s/t} Cornus amomum, Silky Dogwood {s} Cornus canadensis, Bunchberry Dogwood {f/h/ss/s} Cornus florida, Flowering Dogwood {s/t} Cornus foemina, Stiff Dogwood {s/t} Cornus rugosa, Roundleaf Dogwood {s/t} Cornus sericea (=stolonifera), Redosier Dogwood {s/t} Nyssa sylvatica, Blackgum {t}
ORDER DIPSACALES
Family Caprifoliaceae (honeysuckle family):Diervilla lonicera, Northern Bush Honeysuckle {s} Linnaea borealis, Twinflower {f/h/ss} Lonicera canadensis, American Fly Honeysuckle {s} Lonicera dioica, Limber Honeysuckle {v} Lonicera japonica, Japanese Honeysuckle [I] {v} Lonicera maackii, Amur Honeysuckle [I] {s} Lonicera morrowii, Morrow’s Honeysuckle [I] {s} Lonicera tatarica, Tatarian Honeysuckle [I] {s} Lonicera xylosteum, Dwarf Honeysuckle [I] {s} Sambucus nigra (=canadensis), Black Elderberry [I?] {s/t} Sambucus racemosa, Red Elderberry {s/t} Symphoricarpos albus, Common Snowberry {ss/s} Symphoricarpos orbiculatus, Coralberry {s} Triosteum aurantiacum, Orangefruit Horse-gentian Triosteum perfoliatum, Feverwort Viburnum acerifolium, Mapleleaf Viburnum {ss/s} Viburnum dentatum, Southern Arrow-wood {s/t} Viburnum lentago, Nannyberry {s/t} Viburnum nudum (=cassinoides), Withe-rod {s/t} Viburnum opulus, American Cranberrybush {s/t} Viburnum prunifolium, Blackhaw [SC] {s/t} Viburnum rafinesqueanum (=rafinesquianum), Downy Arrow-wood {s}
Family Dipsacaceae (teasel family):Dipsacus fullonum, Fuller’s Teasel [I] Dipsacus laciniatus, Cutleaf Teasel [I]
Family Valerianaceae (valerian family):Valeriana edulis, Tobacco Root [T] Valeriana officinalis, Garden Vallerian [I] Valerianella chenopodiifolia, Goosefoot Cornsalad [T] Valerianella locusta, Lewiston Cornsalad [I]
ORDER ERICALES
Family Ericaceae (heath family):Andromeda polifolia (=glaucophylla), Bog Rosemary {ss/s} Arctostaphylos uva-ursi, Kinnickinnick {ss/s} Chamaedaphne calyculata, Leatherleaf {s} Epigaea repens, Trailing Arbutus {ss/s} Gaultheria procumbens, Eastern Teaberry {ss/s} Gaylussacia baccata, Black Huckleberry {s} Vaccinium angustifolium, Lowbush Blueberry {ss/s} Vaccinium corymbosum, Highbush Cranberry {s} Vaccinium macrocarpon, Cranberry {ss/s} Vaccinium oxycoccos, Small Cranberry {ss/s} Vaccinium pallidum, Blue Ridge Blueberry {ss/s}
Family Monotropaceae (Indian-pipe family):Monotropa hypopithys, Pinesap Monotropa uniflora, Indianpipe
Family Pyrolaceae (shinleaf family):Chimaphila maculata, Striped Prince’s Pine {ss} Chimaphila umbellata, Pipsissewa {ss} Orthilia secunda, Sidebells Wintergreen {ss} Pyrola americana (=rotundifolia), American Wintergreen {ss} Pyrola assarifolia, Liverleaf Wintergreen {ss} Pyrola elliptica, Waxflower Shinleaf {ss}
ORDER EUPHORBIALES
Family Euphorbiaceae (spurge family):Acalypha gracilens, Slender Threeseed Mercury Acalypha rhomboidea, Common Threeseed Mercury Chamaesyce (=Euphorbia) maculata, Spotted Sandmat Chamaesyce (=Euphorbia) natans, Eyebane Chamaesyce (=Euphorbia) polygonifolia, Seaside Sandmat Chamaesyce (=Euphorbia) vermiculata, Wormseed Sandmat Croton glandulosus, Vente Conmigo Euphorbia commutata, Tinted Woodland Spurge [T] Euphorbia corollata, Flowering Spurge Euphorbia cyparissias, Cypress Spurge [I] Euphorbia davidii, David’s Spurge [I] Euphorbia esula, Leafy Spurge [I]
ORDER FABALES
Family Fabaceae [=Leguminoceae] (pea family):Amorpha canescens, Leadplant^ [SC] {ss/s} Amphicarpaea bracteata, American Hogpeanut Apios americana, Groundnut Astragalus canadensis, Canadian Milkvetch [T (last observed 1917)] Baptisia alba (=lacteal), Largeleaf Wild Indigo [SC] Cassia nictitans, Sensitive Partridge Pea Cercis canadensis, Eastern Redbud {s/t} Chamaecrista (=Cassia) fasciculate (=chamaecrista), Partridge Pea Crotalaria sagittalis, Arrowhead Rattlebox Desmodium canadense, Showy Ticktrefoil Desmodium canescens, Hoary Ticktrefoil Desmodium ciliare, Hairy Small-leaf Ticktrefoil Desmodium cuspidatum, Largebract Ticktrefoil Desmodium glutinosum, Pointedleaf Ticktrefoil Desmodium illinoense, Illinois Ticktrefoil Desmodium marilandicum, Smooth Small-leaf Ticktrefoil Desmodium nudiflorum, Nakedflower Ticktrefoil Desmodium obtusum, Stiff Ticktrefoil Desmodium paniculatum, Panicleleaf Ticktrefoil Desmodium rotundifolium, Prostrate Ticktrefoil Desmodium sessilifolium, Sessileleaf Ticktrefoil Gleditsia triacanthos, Honeylocust {s/t} Glycine max, Soybean [I] Gymnocladus dioicus, Kentucky Coffeetree [SC] {t} Lathyrus japonicus, Beach Pea Lathyrus latifolius, Perennial Pea [I] Lathyrus ochroleucus, Cream Pea Lathyrus palustris, Marsh Pea Lathyrus venosus, Veiny Pea Lespedeza capitata, Roundleaf Lespedeza Lespedeza hirta, Hairy Lespedeza Lespedeza violacea, Violet Lespedeza Lespedeza virginica, Slender Lespedeza Lotus corniculata, Bird’s-foot Trefoil Lupinus perennis, Sundial Lupine Medicago lupulina, Black Medick [I] Medicago sativa, Alfalfa [I] Melilotus officinalis (including albus [=alba]), Yellow Sweetclover [I] Robinia hispida, Bristly Locust {s/t} Robinia pseudoacacia, Black Locust {t} Robinia viscosa, Clammy Locust {s/t} Securigera (=Coronilla) varia, Crownvetch [I] Strophostyles helvula, Amberique-bean [SC] Tephrosia virginiana, Virginia Tephrosia Trifolium arvense, Rabbitfoot Clover [I] Trifolium aureum, Golden Clover [I] Trifolium campestre, Field Clover [I] Trifolium dubium, Suckling Clover [I] Trifolium hybridum, Alsike Clover [I] Trifolium pratense, Red Clover [I] Trifolium repens, White Clover [I] Vicia americana, American Vetch Vicia caroliniana, Carolina Vetch Vicia vilosa, Winter Vetch [I] Vigna unguiculata, Blackeyed Pea [I]
Family Betulaceae (birch family):Alnus incana, Gray Alder {s/t} Betula alleghaniensis, Yellow Birch {t} Betula papyrifera, Paper Birch {t} Betula pendula, European White Birch [I] {t} Betula pumila, Bog Birch {s} Carpinus caroliniana, American Hornbeam {s/t} Corylus americana, American Hazelnut {s} Ostrya virginiana, Hophornbeam {s/t}
Family Fagaceae (beech family):Castanea dentate, American Chestnut^ [E] {t} Fagus grandifolia, American Beech {t} Quercus alba, White Oak {t} Quercus bicolor, Swamp White Oak {t} Quercus imbricaria, Shingle Oak {t} Quercus macrocarpa, Bur Oak {s/t} Quercus muehlenbergii, Chinkapin Oak {t} Quercus palustris, Pin Oak {t} Quercus rubra, Northern Red Oak {t} Quercus velutina, Black Oak {t}
ORDER GENTIANALES
Family Apocynaceae (dogbane family):Apocynum androsaemifolium, Spreading Dogbane Apocynum cannabinum, Indianhemp Vinca minor, Common Periwinkle [I] {f/h/v}
Family Gentianaceae (gentian family):Bartonia virginica, Yellow Screwstem Centaurium erythraea, European Centaury [I] Centaurium pulchellum, Branched Centaury [I] Frasera caroliniensis, American Columbo Gentiana alba, Plain Gentian Gentiana andrewsii, Closed Bottle Gentian Gentiana saponaria, Harvestbells [X (last observed 1867)] Gentianella quinquefolia, Aquaweed [T] Gentianopsis crinita, Greater Fringed Gentian Gentianopsis virgata, Lesser Fringed Gentian Sabatia angularis, Rosepink [T]
ORDER GERANIALES
Family Balsaminaceae (touch-me-not family):Impatiens capensis, Jewelweed Impatiens pallida, Pale Touch-me-not
Family Geraniaceae (gerianum family):Erodium cicutarium, Redstem Stork’s Bill [I] Geranium bicknellii, Bicknell’s Cranesbill Geranium carolinianum, Carolina Geranium Geranium columbinum, Longstalk Cranesbill [I] Geranium maculatum, Spotted Geranium Geranium molle, Dovefoot Geranium [I] Geranium pusillum, Small Geranium [I] Geranium robertianum, Robert Geranium [I?]
Family Limnanthaceae (meadow-foam family):Floerkea proserpinacoides, False Mermaidweed
Family Oxalidaceae (wood-sorrel family):Oxalis corniculata, Creeping Woodsorrel Oxalis stricta (including fontana), Common Yellow Oxalis Oxalis violacea, Violet Woodsorrel [T (last observed 1964)]
ORDER HALORAGALES
Family Haloragaceae (water milfoil family):Myriophyllum heterophyllum, Twoleaf Watermilfoil Myriophyllum sibiricum, Shortspike Watermilfoil Myriophyllum verticillatum, Whorl-leaf Watermilfoil Proserpinaca palustris, Marsh Mermaidweed
ORDER HAMAMELIDALES
Family Hamamelidaceae (witch-hazel family):Hamamelis virginiana, American Witchhazel {s/t}
Family Platanaceae (plane-tree family):Platanus occidentalis, American Sycamore {t}
ORDER LAMIALES
Family Boraginaceae (borage family):Buglossoides (=Lithospermum) arvensis (=arvense), Corn Gromwell [I] Cynoglossum officinale, Gypsyflower [I] Echium vulgare, Common Viper’s Buglos [I] Hackelia virginiana, Beggarslice Lithospermum canescens, Hoary Puccoon Lithospermum caroliniense, Carolina Puccoon Myosotis discolor, Changing Forget-me-not [I] Myosotis scorpioides, True Forget-me-not [I] Onosmodium bejariense (=molle), Softhair Marbleseed [X (last observed 1838)] Symphytum officinale, Common Comfrey [I]
Family Lamiaceae [=Labiateae] (mint family):Acinos arvensis, Basil Thyme [I] Agastache nepetoides, Yellow Giant Hyssop {f/h/ss} Ajuga reptans, Common Bugle [I] Blephilia ciliata, Downy Pagoda-plant Blephilia hirsuta, Hairy Pagoda-plant Clinopodium vulgare, Wild Basil Glechoma hederacea, Ground Ivy [I] Hedeoma hispida, Rough False Pennyroyal Hedeoma pulegioides, American False Pennyroyal Lamium amplexicaule, Henbit Deadnettle [I] Lamium purpureum, Purple Deadnettle [I] Leonurus cardiaca, Common Motherwort [I] Lycopus americanus, American Water Horehound Lycopus asper, Rough Bugleweed Lycopus rubellus, Taperleaf Water Horehound Lycopus uniflorus, Northern Bugleweed Marrubium vulgare, Horehound [I] {f/h/ss} Melissa officinalis, Common Balm [I] Mentha arvensis, Wild Mint Mentha piperita (=aquatica x spicata), Spearmint Mentha spicata, Spearmint [I] Mentha suaveolens, Apple Mint [I] Mentha villosa (=spicata x suaveolens) Monarda fistulosa, Wild Bergamot {f/h/ss} Monarda punctata, Spotted Beebalm {f/h/ss} Nepeta cataria, Catnip [I] Origanum vulgare, Oregano [I] Physostegia virginiana, Obediant Plant Prunella vulgaris, Common Selfheal Pycnanthemum muticum, Clustered Mountainmint [T] Pycnanthemum tenuifolium, Narrowleaf Mountainmint Pycnanthemum verticillatum (including pilosum), Whorled Mountainmint [SC/T] Pycnanthemum virginianum, Virginia Mountainmint Satureja hortensis, Summer Savory [I] Scutellaria elliptica, Hairy Skullcap [SC] Scutellaria galericulata, Marsh Skullcap Scutellaria lateriflora, Blue Skullcap Scutellaria parvula, Small Skullcap [T] Stachys hyssopifolia, Hyssopleaf Hedgenettle Stachys tenuifolia, Smooth Hedgenettle Teucrium canadense, Canada Germander
Family Verbenaceae (verbena family):Glandularia (=Verbena) canadensis, Rose Mock Vervain Phryma leptostachya, American Lopseed Phyla lanceolata, Lanceleaf Fogfruit Verbena bracteata, Bigbract Verbena Verbena hastata, Swamp Verbena Verbena stricta, Hoary Verbena Verbena urticifolia, White Vervain
ORDER LAURALES
Family Lauraceae (laurel family):Lindera benzoin, Northern Spicebush {s/t} Sassafras albidum, Sassafras {s/t}
ORDER LINALES
Family Linaceae (flax family):Linum medium, Stiff Yellow Flax Linum striatum, Ridged Yellow Flax Linum usitallisimum, Common Flax [I] Linum virginianum, Woodland Flax [T (last observed 1867)]
ORDER MAGNOLIALES
Family Ammonaceae (custard-apple family):Asimina triloba, Pawpaw {s/t}
Family Magnoliaceae (magnolia family):Liriodendron tulipifera, Tuliptree {t}
ORDER MALVALES
Family Malvaceae (mallow family):Abelmoschus esculentus, Okra [I] {f/h/ss} Abutilon theophrasti, Velvetleaf [I] Alcea rosea, Hollyhock [I] Althaea officinalis, Common Marshmallow [I] Hibiscus moscheutos, Crimsoneyed Rosemallow [SC] {f/h/ss} Malva moschata, Musk Mallow [I] Malva neglecta, Common Mallow [I] Malva sylvestris, High Mallow [I]
Family Tiliaceae (linden family):Tilia americana, American Basswood {t}
ORDER MYRICALES
Family Myricaceae (bayberry family):Comptonia peregrina, Sweet Fern {ss/s}
ORDER MYRTALES
Family Lythraceae (loosestrife family):Decodon verticillatus, Swamp Loosestrife {ss/s} Lythrum alatum, Winged Lythrum {f/h/ss} Lythrum salicaria, Purple Loosestrife [I] {f/h/ss} Rotala ramosior, Lowland Rotala [SC]
Family Melastomataceae (melastome family):Rhexia virginica, Handsome Harry [SC]
Family Onagraceae (evening primrose family):Chamerion (=Epilobium) angustifolium, Fireweed Circaea alpina, Small Enchanter’s Nightshade Circaea lutetiana, Broadleaf Enchanter’s Nightshade Epilobium coloratum, Purpleleaf Willowherb Epilobium hirsutum, Codlins and Cream [I] Epilobium leptophyllum, Bog Willowherb Gaura biennis, Biennial Beeblossom Ludwigia alternifolia, Seedbox [SC] Ludwigia palustris, Marsh Seedbox Oenothera biennis, Common Evening Primrose Oenothera clelandii, Cleland’s Evening Primrose Oenothera fruticosa, Narrowleaf Evening Primrose Oenothera laciniata, Cutleaf Evening Primrose Oenothera oakesiana, Oakes’s Evening Primrose Oenothera parviflora, Northern Evening Primrose Oenothera perennis, Little Evening Primrose Oenothera pilosella, Meadow Evening Primrose Oenothera villosa, Hairy Evening Primrose
Family Thymelaeaceae (mezereum family):Dirca palustris, Eastern Leatherwood {s}
ORDER NEPENTHALES
Family Droseraceae (sundew family):Drosera intermedia, Spoonleaf Sundew Drosera rotundifolia, Roundleaf Sundew
Family Sarraceniaceae (pitcher-plant family):Sarracenia purpurea, Purple Pitcherplant {f/h/ss}
ORDER NYMPHAEALES
Family Cabombaceae (water-shield family):Brasenia schreberi, Watershield
Family Ceratophyllaceae (hornwort family):Ceratophyllum demersum, Coon’s Tail
Family Nelumbonaceae (lotus-lily family):Nelumbo lutea, American Lotus^ [T]
Family Nymphaeaceae (water-lily family):Nuphar lutea (=advena; includes variegata), Yellow Pond-lily Nymphaea odorata, American White Waterlily
ORDER PAPAVERALES
Family Fumariaceae (fumitory family):Adlumia fungosa, Allegheny Vine [SC] {f/h/v} Corydalis flavula, Yellow Fumewort [T] Corydalis sempervirens, Rock Harlequin Dicentra canadensis, Squirrel Corn Dicentra cucullaria, Dutchman’s Britches
Family Papaveraceae (poppy family):Chelidonium majus, Celandine [I] Sanguinaria canadensis, Bloodroot Stylophorum diphyllum, Celandine Poppy
ORDER PIPERALES
Family Saururaceae (lizard’s-tail family):Saururus cernuus, Lizard’s Tail
ORDER PLANTAGINALES
Family Plantaginaceae (plantain family):Plantago aristata, Largebracted Plantain Plantago lanceolata, Narrowleaf Plantain [I] Plantago major, Common Plantain [I] Plantago psyllium (=arenaria), Sand Plantain [I] Plantago rugelii, Blackseed Plantain Plantago virginica, Virginia Plantain
ORDER POLYGALALES
Family Polygalaceae (milkwort family):Polygala cruciata, Drumheads [SC] Polygala polygama, Racemed Milkwort Polygala sanguinea, Purple Milkwort Polygala senega, Seneca Snakewort Polygala verticillata, Whorled Milkwort
Family Polygonaceae (buckwheat family):Fagopyrum esculentum, Buckwheat [I] Polygonella articulata, Coastal Jointweed Polygonum achoreum, Leathery Knotweed Polygonum amphibium, Water Knotweed Polygonum arifolium, Halberdleaf Tearthumb {f/h/v} Polygonum aviculare, Prostrate Knotweed [I] Polygonum careyi, Carey’s Smartweed Polygonum cilinode, Fringed Black Bindweed {f/h/v} Polygonum convolvulus, Black Bindweed [I] {f/h/v} Polygonum cuspidatum, Japanese Knotweed [I] {f/h/ss} Polygonum hydropiper, Marshpepper Knotweed Polygonum hydropiperoides, Swamp Smartweed Polygonum lapathifolium, Curlytop Knotweed Polygonum pensylvanicum, Pennsylvania Smartweed Polygonum persicaria, Spotted Ladysthumb [I] Polygonum punctatum, Dotted Smartweed Polygonum sagittatum, Arrowleaf Tearthum {f/h/v} Polygonum scandens, Climbing False Buckwheat [I?] {f/h/v} Polygonum tenue, Pleatleaf Knotweed Polygonum virginianum, Jumpseed Rumex acetosella, Common Sheep Sorrel [I] Rumex altissimus, Pale Dock Rumex crispus, Curly Dock [I] Rumex obtusifolius, Bitter Dock [I] Rumex orbiculatus, Greater Water Dock Rumex verticillatus, Swamp Dock
ORDER PRIMULALES
Family Primulaceae (primrose family):Anagallis arvensis, Scarlet Pimpernel [I] Androsace occidentalis, Western Rockjasmine [E (last observed 1931)] Dodecatheon meadia, Pride of Ohio [E] Lysimachia ciliata, Fringed Loosestrife Lysimachia lanceolata, Lanceleaf Loosestrife Lysimachia nummularia, Creeping Jenny Lysimachia quadriflora, Fourflower Yellow Loosestrife Lysimachia quadrifolia, Whorled Yellow Loosestrife Lysimachia terrestris, Earth Loosestrife Lysimachia thyrsilora, Tufted Loosestrife Samolus valerandi (=parviflorus), Seaside Brookweed [I?] Trientalis borealis, Starflower
ORDER RANUNCULALES
Family Berberidaceae (barberry family):Berberis thunbergii, Japanese Barberry [I] {s} Berberis vulgaris, Common Barberry [I] {s} Caulophyllum thalictroides, Blue Cohosh Jeffersonia diphylla, Twinleaf [SC] Podophyllum peltatum, Mayapple
Family Menispermaceae (moonseed family):Menispermum canadense, Common Moonseed {v}
Family Ranunculaceae (buttercup family):Actaea pachypoda, White Baneberry Actaea rubra, Red Baneberry Anemone canadensis, Canadian Anemone Anemone cylindrica, Candle Anemone Anemone quinquefolia, Wood Anemone Anemone virginiana, Tall Thimbleweed Aquilegia canadensis, Red Columbine Aquilegia vulgaris, European Columbine [I] Caltha palustris, Yellow Marsh Marigold Clematis virginiana, Devil’s Darning Needles {v} Consolida ajacis, Doubtful Knight’s-spur [I] Coptis trifolia, Threeleaf Goldthread Enemion biternatum, Eastern False Rue Enemone Hepatica (=Anemone) nobilis (=acutiloba & americana), Sharplobe / Roundlobe Hepatica Hydrastis canadensis, Goldenseal [T] Ranunculus abortivus, Littleleaf Buttercup Ranunculus acris, Tall Buttercup [I?] Ranunculus aquatilis, White Water Crowfoot Ranunculus fascicularis, Early Buttercup Ranunculus flabellaris, Yellow Water Buttercup Ranunculus hispidis, Bristly Buttercup Ranunculus pensylvanicus, Pennsylvania Buttercup Ranunculus recurvatus, Blisterwort Ranunculus repens, Creeping Buttercup Ranunculus sceleratus, Cursed Buttercup Thalictrum dasycarpum, Purple Meadow-rue Thalictrum dioicum, Early Meadow-rue Thalictrum thalictroides, Rue Anemone
ORDER RHAMNALES
Family Elaeagnaceae (oleaster family):Elaeagnus umbellata, Autumn Olive [I] {s} Shepherdia canadensis, Russet Buffaloberry {s}
Family Rhamnaceae (buckthorn family):Ceanothus americanus, New Jersey Tea {ss/s} Frangula (=Rhamnus) alnus (=frangula), Glossy Buckthorn [I] {s/t} Rhamnus alnifolia, Alderleaf Buckthorn {s} Rhamnus cathartica, Common Buckthorn [I] {s/t}
Family Vitaceae (grape family):Parthenocissus quinquefolia (including inserta), Virginia Creeper {v} Vitis aestivalis, Summer Grape {v} Vitis labrusca, Fox Grape {v} Vitis riparia, Riverbank Grape {v} Vitis vulpina, Frost Grape [T] {v}
ORDER ROSALES
Family Crassulaceae [including Penthoraceae] (stonecrop family):Hylotelephium (=Sedum) telephium, Witch’s Moneybags [I] Penthorum sedoides, Ditch Stonecrop Sedum acre, Goldmoss Stonecrop [I] Sedum album, White Stonecrop [I] Sedum sarmentosum, Stringy Stonecrop [I] Sedum spurium, Tworow Stonecrop [I] Sedum ternatum, Woodland Stonecrop
Family Grossulariaceae (currant family):Ribes americanum, American Black Currant {s} Ribes aureum (=odoratum), Golden Currant {s} Ribes cynosbati, Eastern Prickly Gooseberry {s} Ribes hirtellum, Hairystem Gooseberry {s}
Family Rosaceae (rose family):Agrimonia gryposepala, Tall Hairy Agrimony Agrimonia parviflora, Harvestlice Agrimonia pubescens, Soft Agrimony Amelanchier arborea, Common Serviceberry {s/t} Amelanchier interior, Pacific Serviceberry {s/t} Amelanchier laevis, Allegheny Serviceberry {s/t} Amelanchier sanguinea, Roundleaf Serviceberry {s/t} Argentina (=Potentilla) anserine, Silverweed Cinquefoil Comarum (=Potentilla) palustre (=palustris), Purple Marshlocks Crataegus calpodendron, Pear Hawthorn {s/t} Crataegus crus-galli, Cockspur Hawthorn {s/t} Crataegus dodgei, Dodge’s Hawthorn {s/t} Crataegus holmesiana, Holmes’s Hawthorn {s/t} Crataegus margarettiae, Margarett’s Hawthorn {s/t} Crataegus pedicellata, Scarlet Hawthorn {s/t} Crataegus pringlei, Pringle’s Hawthorn {s/t} Crataegus punctata, Dotted Hawtorhn {s/t} Dasiphora (=Potentilla) fruticosa, Shrubby Cinquefoil Duchesnea indica, Indian Strawberry [I] Filipendula rubra, Queen of the Prairie [T] Fragaria virginiana, Virginia Strawberry Geum aleppicum, Yellow Avens Geum canadense, White Avens Geum laciniatum, Rough Avens Geum rivale, Purple Avens Malus coronaria, Sweet Crab Apple {s/t} Malus ioensis, Prairie Crab Apple {s/t} Malus pumila, Paradise Apple [I] {t} Photonia (=Aronia) floribunda (=prunifolia), Purple Chokeberry {s} Physocarpus opulifolius, Common Ninebark {s} Potentilla argentea, Silver Cinquefoil [I] Potentilla arguta, Tall Cinquefoil {f/h/ss} Potentilla inclinata, Ashy Cinquefoil [I] Potentilla norvegica, Norwegian Cinquefoil Potentilla recta, Sulphur Cinquefoil [I] Potentilla simplex, Common Cinquefoil Prunus americana, American Plum {s/t} Prunus avium, Sweet Cherry [I] {t} Prunus domestica, European Plum [I] {t} Prunus mahaleb, Mahaleb Cherry [I] {s/t} Prunus pensylvanica, Pin Cherry {s/t} Prunus pumila, Sandcherry {s} Prunus serotina, Black Cherry {s/t} Prunus virginiana, Chokecherry {s/t} Pyrus communis, Common Pear [I] {t} Rosa acicularia, Prickly Rose {ss} Rosa blanda, Smooth Rose {ss} Rosa carolina, Carolina Rose {ss} Rosa cinnamomea, Cinnamon Rose [I] {ss} Rosa eglanteria, Sweetbriar Rose [I] {ss} Rosa multiflora, Multiflora Rose [I] {ss/v} Rosa palustris, Swamp Rose {ss} Rosa rugosa, Rugosa Rose [I] {ss} Rosa setigera, Climbing Rose {ss/v} Rubus allegheniensis, Allegheny Blackberry {ss} Rubus flagellaris, Northern Dewberry {ss} Rubus hispidus, Bristly Dewberry {ss} Rubus idaeus (=strigosus), Grayleaf Red Raspberry {ss} Rubus laciniatus, Cutleaf Blackberry [I] {ss/v} Rubus occidentalis, Black Raspberry {ss} Rubus pensilvanicus, Pennsylvania Blackberry {ss} Rubus pubescens, Dwarf Red Blackberry {f/h/ss} Spiraea alba, White Meadowsweet {s} Spiraea tomentosa, Steeplebush {s}
Family Saxifragaceae (saxifrage family):Chrysosplenium americanum, American Golden Saxifrage Heuchera americanum, American Alumroot Heuchera richardsoni, Richardson’s Alumroot Mitella diphylla, Twoleaf Miterwort Mitella nuda, Naked Miterwort Parnassia glauca, Fen Grass of Parnassius Saxifraga pensylvanica, Eastern Swamp Saxifrage Tiarella cordifolia, Heartleaf Foamflower
ORDER RUBIALES
Family Rubiaceae (madder family):Cephalanthus occidentalis, Common Buttonbush {s/t} Diodia teres, Poorjoe Galium aparine, Stickywilly {f/h/v} Galium asprellum, Rough Bedstraw Galium boreale, Northern Bedstraw {f/h/ss} Galium circaezans, Licorice Bedstraw Galium concinnum, Shining Bedstraw Galium labradorium, Northern Bog Bedstraw Galium lanceolatum, Lanceleaf Wild Bedstraw Galium mollugo, False Baby’s Breath [I] Galium obtusum, Bluntleaf Bedstraw Galium palustre, Common Marsh Bedstraw Galium pilosum, Hairy Bedstraw Galium tinctorium, Stiff Marsh Bedstraw Galium trifidum, Threepetal Bedstraw {f/h/v} Galium verum, Yellow Spring Bedstraw [I] {f/h/v} Mitchella repens, Partridgeberry {f/h/ss} Sherardia arvensis, Blue Fieldmadder [I]
ORDER SALICALES
Family Salicaceae (willow family):Populus alba, White Poplar [I] {t} Populus balsamifera, Balsam Poplar {t} Populus deltoides, Eastern Cottonwood {t} Populus grandidentata, Bigtooth Aspen {t} Populus heterophylla, Swamp Cottonwood [E] {t} Populus nigra, Lombardy Poplar [I] {t} Populus tremuloides, Quacking Aspen {t} Salix alba, White Willow [I] {t} Salix amygdaloides, Peachleaf Willow {s/t} Salix bebbiana, Bebb Willow {s/t} Salix candida, Sageleaf Willow {s} Salix cordata, Heartleaf Willow {s} Salix discolor, Pussy Willow {s/t} Salix eriocephala, Missouri River Willow {s/t} Salix exigua, Narrowleaf Willow {s/t} Salix fragilis, Crack Willow [I] {t} Salix humilis, Prairie Willow {s} Salix lucida, Shining Willow {s/t} Salix myricoides, Bayberry Willow {s/t} Salix nigra, Black Willow {t} Salix pentandra, Laurel Willow [I] {t} Salix petiolaris, Meadow Willow {s/t} Salix purpurea, Purpleosier Willow [I] {s/t} Salix sericea, Silky Willow {s/t} Salix serissima, Autumn Willow {s/t}
ORDER SANTALALES
Family Santalaceae (sandalwood family):Comandra umbellata, Bastard Toadflax {f/h/ss}
ORDER SAPINDALES
Family Aceraceae (maple family):Acer negundo, Boxelder {t} Acer platanoides, Norway Maple [I] {t} Acer nigrum (=saccharum nigrum), Black Maple {t} Acer rubrum, Red Maple {t} Acer saccharinum, Silver Maple {t} Acer saccharum, Sugar Maple {t}
Family Anacardiaceae (sumac family):Rhus pulvinata, Northern Smooth Sumac {t} Rhus copallinum (=copallina), Winged Sumac {s/t} Rhus glabra, Smooth Sumac {s/t} Rhus typhina, Staghorn Sumac {s/t} Toxicodendron radicans, Eastern Poison Ivy {f/h/ss/s/v} Toxicodendron vernix, Poison Sumac {s/t}
Family Hippocastanaceae (horse-chestnut family):Aesculus glabra, Ohio Buckeye {t} Aesculus hippocastatum, Horse Chestnut [I] {t}
Family Rutaceae (rue family):Ptelea trifoliata, Common Hoptree {s/t} Xanthoxylum americanum, Common Pricklyash {s/t}
Family Simaroubaceae (quassia family):Ailanthus altissima, Tree of Heaven [I] {t}
Family Staphyleaceae (bladdernut family):Staphylea trifolia, American Bladdernut {s/t}
Family Zygophyllaceae (creosote-bush family):Tribulus terrestris, Puncturevine [I]
ORDER SCROPHULARIALES
Family Bignoniaceae (trumpet-creeper family):Campsis radicans, Trumpet Creeper {v} Catalpa speciosa, Northern Catalpa {t}
Family Lentibulariaceae (bladderwort family):Utricularia cornuta, Horned Bladderwort Utricularia gibba, Humped Bladderwort Utricularia inflata, Swollen Bladderwort^ [E] Utricularia intermedia, Flatleaf Bladderwort Utricularia macrorhiza (=vulgaris), Common Bladderwort Utricularia minor, Lesser Bladderwort Utricularia purpurea, Eastern Purple Bladderwort Utricularia radiata, Little Floating Bladderwort Utricularia subulata, Zigzag Bladderwort [T]
Family Oleaceae (olive family):Fraxinus americana, White Ash {t} Fraxinus nigra, BlackAsh {t} Fraxinus pennsylvanica, Green Ash {t} Fraxinus profunda, Pumpkin Ash [T] {t} Fraxinus quadrangulata, Blue Ash {t} Ligustrum obtusifolium, Border Privet [I] {s} Ligustrum vulgare, European Privet [I] {s} Syringa vulgaris, Common Lilac [I] {s}
Family Orobanchaceae (broom-rape family):Conopholis americana, American Cancer-root Epifagus virginiana, Beechdrops Orobanche uniflora, Oneflowered Broomrape
Family Scrophulariaceae (figwort family):Agalinis purpurea, Purple False Foxglove Agalinis tenuifolia, Slenderleaf False Foxglove Aureolaria flava, Smooth Yellow False Foxglove Aureolaria pedicularia, Fernleaf Yellow False Foxgl
