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Instituto Politecnico Nacional-Mexico

For more than two decades and through molecular studies, the Instituto Politecnico Nacional (IPN), proved the elimination of 100% of the Human Papilloma Virus (HPV), located in the uterine cervix of 29 Women from Mexico City. These women were treated with a non-invasive photodynamic technique, which may be an effective method to prevent this neoplasia, malignancy that constitutes the second cause of death between Mexican women.

In the framework of the “International Day against Cancer 2019: Create a world without uterine cervix cancer”. The scientist from the National School of Biological Sciences (NSBS), Eva Ramón Gallegos, explained that photodynamic therapy not only eradicates HPV (the main pathogenic agent that causes uterine cervix cancer,) but also eliminates preneoplasic damages from cervix cancer in early stages. Fact that was proven by this pilot study.

The scientist – who has extensively studied during two decades the effects of photodynamic therapy in different neoplasias (melanoma, breast cancer, and uterine cervix cancer) – specified that during clinical phase, 420 patients have been treated in Oaxaca and Veracruz, on top of the 29 women treated in Mexico City. Women who were infected by HPV, who presented preneoplasic damages in the cervix or who had both conditions.

She said that the treatment was applied in two stages and under two different therapy application schemes. In the first part – during which, women from Oaxaca and Veracruz participated – the results were encouraging. When the technique was applied to the women from the Capital, it also produced a very promising effect. This opens the possibilities to enhance the treatment and make it more efficient, using a scheme adapted to the situation of each patient – she claimed.

Dr. Ramón Gallegos explained that this therapy consists of the application of a drug called Delta Aminolevulinic Acid directly in the uterine cervix. After 4 hours, it transforms into Protoporphyrin IX, a fluorescent chemical substance that accumulates inside the damaged cells. That enables the exclusive elimination of the cells impregnated with this pigment using a special laser beam.

On the first stage of research, this treatment was applied on three occasions with an interval of 48 hours between applications and with radiation time adapted to each case and damaged area. Revisions were made and diagnostic studies were repeated. They produced the following results: On people who had HPV, but no injuries or damages, the HPV was eradicated in 85%. On patients who had HPV and presented injuries or damages, it also had an efficiency of 85%. And in the case of patients who had injuries or damages but no HPV it had a success of 42%.

The researcher of the IPN explained that women from Mexico City were treated with twice the concentration of Delta Aminolevulinic Acid and the treatment was delivered twice in a 48 hours interval. They also made revisions and diagnostic studies. They produced the following results: HPV was a 100% eradicated on women who didn’t have injuries or damages. HPV was eliminated in a 64,3% on women with HPV and injuries or damages. And in the case of women with injuries or damages with no HPV, it was eliminated in a 57,2%.

Before applying photodynamic therapy to the patients, a series of studies were made. Those include colposcopy, Pap smear, HC2 Digene, polymerase chain reaction and a biopsy to detect preneoplasic injuries or HPV infections. By the end of the treatment, the results were repeated, proving its effectiveness.

She also added that photodynamic therapy is safe and free from side effects. “Unlike other treatments, this only removes damaged cells and it doesn’t affect the healthy ones. That’s why it has a great potential to reduce the uterine cervix cancer death rate” – she emphasized.

The specialist stated that the treatment scheme followed by those women from the Capital city also had a positive effect in the elimination of pathogenic bacterial strains. “A percentage of women had infections caused by Chlamydia tachomatis (sexually transmitted disease) and or Candida albicans, which were eliminated with the treatment in an 81% and 80% respectively; while the bacterial flora present in the genital apparatus that contributes to keep it healthy, remained intact” – she sustained.

Dr. Eva Ramón Gallegos has achieved these advances thanks to the collaboration of Dr. Elizabeth Maldonado Alvarado and María Teresa López Cárdenas (both of them obtained their Doctorates with this project). Alejandro Martínez Escobar (Master’s Degree), Araceli Espinosa Montesinos (Specialist in Gynecology at the Ignacio Zaragoza Regional Hospital of the Instituto del Seguro Social and Services for State Workers – or ISSSTE). Adriana Jiménez Hernández (Postdoctoral stay – Conacyt), Martha Olivia Osorio Peralta (From the Guerrero State Institute of Cancerology), Alejandra Moreno Vázquez (Specialist in Pathology of the XXI Century National Medical Center from Mexican Social Security Institue – or IMSS) and Lydia Alejandra Martínez Guzmán (Chief of the Hybrid capture Lab, from Mexico City’s Health Secretary).

She also had collaboration from Specialists: Marco Antonio Amoroso Hernández, Ángel Laguna Cancino (Oaxaca) and Dora Estela Jovel Galdamez, Bárbara Carrión Solano, Guadalupe Balderas Martínez; Eduarda Parra Rossana, Inés Castellanos Oliveros, Rosa Linda Bello Leiva, Ma. Eugenia Melo Petrone, Gumaro Narciso Morales and Petrona Jiménez Martínez (Veracruz).

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