Crowding, Boarding, and Patient Throughput (PDF)
Position Statement from the Emergency Nurses Association with massive bibliography
December 2017

Emergency Department Boarding of Psychiatric Patients in Oregon (PDF)
Oregon Health Authority – no author listed
February 1, 2017

Psychiatric Boarding in the Pediatric Inpatient Medical Setting: A Retrospective Analysis
Katherine A.S. Gallagher, PhD, I. Simona Bujoreanu, PhD, Priscilla Cheung, PhD, Christine Choi, MS, Sara Golden, MSW, LICSW, Kerry Brodziak, MSW, LCSW, Gabriela Andrade, MD, Patricia Ibeziako, MD
Hospital Pediatrics
November 2017

Emergency Department Boarding of Psychiatric Patients in Oregon A Report to Oregon Health Authority (PDF)
Jangho Yoon, PhD Jeff Luck, PhD Megan Cahn, PhD Linh Bui, MIPH Diana Govier, MPH
October 28, 2016
College of Public Health and Human Sciences Oregon State University

Managing Suicidal Patients in the Emergency Department
Marian E. Betz, MD, MPH, Edwin D. Boudreaux, PhD
Annals of Emergency Medicine
February 2016

Waiting for Care – Causes, Impacts and Solutions to Psychiatric Boarding in Arizona (PDF)
Presented by the ARIZONA HOSPITAL AND HEALTHCARE ASSOCIATION
July 2015

Psychiatric Boarding Incidence, Duration, and Associated Factors in United States Emergency Departments (paywalled)
Journal of the Emergency Nurses Association
Jason M. Nolan, PhD, et al
January 2015

Care of the Psychiatric Patient in the Emergency Department – A Review of the Literature
Created by members of the ACEP Emergency Medicine Practice Committee
October 2014

Psychiatric Boarding in U.S. EDs: A Multifactorial Problem that Requires Multidisciplinary Solutions (PDF)
Zaynah Abid, MPH, Andrew Meltzer, MD, Danielle Lazar, MA, Jesse Pines, MD, MBA, MSCE
George Washington University
June 2014

Effects of a Dedicated Regional Psychiatric Emergency Service on Boarding of Psychiatric Patients in Area Emergency Departments (PDF)
Scott Zeller, MD, Nicole Calma, MA, Ashley Stone, MPH
July 18, 2013

The Impact of Psychiatric Patient Boarding in Emergency Departments (PDF)
B. A. Nicks and D. M. Manthey
Department of Emergency Medicine, Wake Forest University Health Sciences
June 2012

Development of Emergency Care in a Psychiatric Clinical Framework (PDF)
American Psychiatric Nurses Association
Elizabeth M. McCoy, RN, CEN
March 2010

A Literature Review on Psychiatric Boarding (PDF)
David Bender, Nalini Pande, Michael Ludwig
The Lewin Group
October 29, 2008
Prepared for Office of Disability, Aging and Long-Term Care Policy, Office of the Assistant Secretary for Planning and Evaluation, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services