Difference Between  Hadoop and HBase

Hadoop is an open source Java framework, used for managing and processing a huge amount of structured and unstructured data. Hadoop is massively scalable hence is used to process Big data workloads. Big data is stored, accessed and processed on the reliable and expandable cluster. In the recent time Hadoop is widely accepted by big scale companies like Yahoo, Facebook, Google etc. to operate their data which generated in zettabytes daily. Below are the core components of Hadoop architecture:

• Hadoop Distributed File System (HDFS): Hadoop includes distributed storage system, the Hadoop Distributed File System (HDFS). HDFS is the master-slave architecture which stores data across the cluster.  Data distributed on several slave nodes by the master node in the form block. Master node is called as Namenode and slave nodes are called as Datanode. HDFS is easily expandable and stores huge amount of data on Datanodes. HDFS has configurable replication factor with default value 3 which can be editable.

• MapReduce: MapReduce is a programming paradigm, processes in parallel on a huge number of datasets over the network. MapReduce refers to two different tasks: map the input data in which data divided into a subset of data called as tuples and reduce task takes these tuples from the map as input and combines to form the output of original.

• Yarn: YARN stands for Yet another resource navigator which computing resources such as manages CPU and memory, scheduling of resource requests.

Fig. Apache Hadoop Framework

HBase (Hadoop Database) is a non-relational and Not Only SQL i.e. NoSQL database that runs on the top of Hadoop as a distributed and scalable big data store. It is open source database in which data is stored in the form of rows and columns, in that cell is an intersection of columns and rows. Region server serves data for reading/write operations. All the Hbase data is stored in HDFS file. The HDFS Datanode stores the data that the Region Server is managing. The HDFS Namenode keeps metadata information for all the physical data blocks that comprise the files.

Versioning is used to track cell changes, which keeps the track of contents version. From that it any version of content can be retrieved. Each cell value includes ‘version’ attribute with respect to the timestamp to retrieve cell. Each value in the map is an uninterrupted array of bytes. The map is indexed by a row key, column key, and a timestamp. The architecture of HBase is highly scalable, sparse, distributed, persistent, and multidimensional-sorted maps.

Head to Head Comparison Between Hadoop vs HBase (Infographics)

Below is the Top 7 Difference Between Hadoop vs HBase

Key Differences between Hadoop vs HBase

The difference between Hadoop and HBase are explained in the points presented below:

1. Hadoop is not suitable for Online analytical processing (OLAP) and HBase is part of Hadoop ecosystem which provides random real-time access (read/write) to data in Hadoop file system.
2. Hadoop framework is fault-tolerant by design and supports rapid data transfer between nodes even during system failures. HBase is a non-relational and open source Not-Only-SQL database that runs on top of Hadoop. HBase comes under CP type of CAP (Consistency, Availability, and Partition Tolerance) theorem.
3. Hadoop is most suitable for performing batch analytics. However, one of its biggest drawbacks is its inability to perform real-time analysis, the trending requirement of the IT industry. HBase, on the other hand, can handle large data sets and is not appropriate for batch analytics. Instead, it is used to write/read data from Hadoop in real-time.
4. Both Hadoop and HBase are capable of processing structured, semi-structured as well as unstructured data. In Hadoop, HDFS lacks an in-memory processing engine slowing down the process of data analysis; as it is using plain old MapReduce to do it. HBase, on the contrary, boasts of an in-memory processing engine that drastically increases the speed of read/write.
5. Hadoop is very transparent in its execution of data analysis.  HBase, on the other hand, being a NoSQL database in tabular format, fetches values by sorting them under different key values.

Hadoop vs HBase Comparision Table

Conclusion – Hadoop vs HBase

Hadoop architecture mainly based on HDFS and MapReduce. HBase is the supporting component in Hadoop system. HBase is capable of hosting huge tables and provide fast random access to available data while HDFS is suitable for storing large files. Both Hadoop and HBase provide fast access to data but with HBase read/write operations can be performed and for HDFS read many times and once write can be performed. This article described an understanding of Hadoop and HBase, briefly highlighted features and compared wisely.

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