Organic Farming, Here you can learn A to Z of Organic farming in easy words. This is simplest and in detail guide of Organic farming.

What is Organic Farming?

In Organic Farming, natural fertilizers are used whereas in Conventional Farming; synthetic chemical fertilizers are used to improve plant growth. Conventional farming causes lots of issues such as pollution, degradation of soil and water, health-related diseases like cancer and impact on domestic animals. So many of people are approaching towards organic farming.

It is a method of farming which is used to refining the land and improves crops in such a way, as to maintain the soil alive and in good health by using organic wastes such as crop, animal and farm wastes, aquatic wastes and other biological materials. These organic wastes are used to release nutrients to crops for increased s production in an Eco-friendly way.

Organic Farming definition and concept of Organic Farming

Organic farming is a system which largely depends upon crop rotations, crop residues, Green manures, animal manures, off-farm organic waste, mineral grade rock additives and biological system of nutrient mobilization and plant protection It avoids excessive use of synthetic things such as fertilizers, pesticides, hormones, etc and it. Some of the Organic farming techniques are:

• Crop Rotation: It is the method to grow a variety of crops in the same area, according to the different seasons, in a sequential manner.
• Crop Residues: There are two types of crop residues. Field residues are applied in the farm after the crop has been harvested. Process residues are materials left after the crop is processed into a usable resource. These residues include husks, seeds, molasses and roots.
• Green Manure: Green manure refers to the dying plants that are uprooted into the soil. It acts as a nutrient for the soil to improve its quality.
• Biological Pest Control: With this method, we use living organisms to control pests with or without the use of chemicals.
• Compost: It is a recycled organic matter used as a fertilizer in the agricultural farms which provides nutrients to improve plant growth.

 Types of Organic Farming 

• Pure organic farming

In Pure organic farming, farmer uses organic manures and bio pesticides with complete avoidance of inorganic chemicals and pesticides.

• Integrated organic farming

In Integrated organic farming integrated nutrients management and integrated pest management are used. It includes development of crops from natural resources having the complete nutritive value and manages to prevent the crop or plants from the pests.

Organic Farming Methods

 1)   Soil Management

The soil loses its nutrients and its quality gets degraded after development of crops.  So it’s necessary to improve soil quality. Organic agriculture uses a natural ways to increase the fertility of the soil. It uses bacteria that are present in animal waste which helps in making the soil more productive and fertile.

2)   Weed Management

Weed is the unwanted plant that grows in agricultural fields. Organic agriculture prefers to lowering the weed rather than removing it completely. Mulching is a technique where plastic films or plant residue are used on the surface of the soil to stop the growth of weed. Mowing or Cutting is method which is used for removal of weeds top

3) Crop Diversity

In Monoculture farming we harvest and cultivate only one type of crop in a particular area. Newly poly culture has come in existence, where we harvest and cultivate different kinds of crops to meet the increasing crop demand and produce the required soil microorganisms.

4) Controlling other organisms

Both useful and harmful organisms are grow in the agricultural farm which affect the field. So, we need to control the growth of such organisms to protect the soil and the crops. We can do this by the use of herbicides and pesticides that contain fewer chemicals or are natural.

Organic Farming Objectives and Benefits

 Objectives of Organic Farming: 

• Use natural fertilizers such as crop, animal and farm wastes, aquatic wastes and other biological materials which improve soil fertility.
• Avoid the use of chemical fertilizer which causes lots of issues such as pollution, degradation of soil and water, health related diseases like cancer and impact on domestic animals.
• Controlling both useful and harmful organisms which are grow in the agricultural farm which affect the field.
• Harvest and cultivate different kinds of crops to meet the increasing crop demand and produce the required soil microorganisms.

Benefits of Organic Farming:

• Organic farming helps to prevent environmental degradation and can be used to regenerate degraded areas.
• Organic manures produce an optimal condition in the soil for high yields and good quality of crops.
• It reduces the need for purchased inputs.
• They improve the soil chemical properties such as supply and retention of soil nutrients
• Organically grown plants are more resistant to diseases and insect and hence only a few chemical sprays or other protective treatment are required.

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