Treatment of diseases utilize a wide variety of preparations of both biological and abiological origins. The preparations of biological origin may either be crude ayuvedic medicines some allopathic drugs or purified to various degrees. Many of such compounds are obtained from plants but Large Number of them originate from micro organism cultured cells and recombinant organisms.
Micro-organism: A large number or pharmaceuticals originate from microorganisms they range from whole micro organism through biomass used as food supplements to a variety for highly valuable compounds like antibiotics, vitamins, enzymes, organic acids etc.
Plant Cell cultures: Some biochemicals of pharmaceutical value are produced by cultured plant cells e.g shikonin, berberine, ginseng biomass and taxol.
Animal cell culture: Cultured animal cells are the source of several compounds used in treatment of diseases e.g angiogenic factor, interlukin interferon.
Products from Recombinant Organisms: The product is obtained from nonrecombinant organisms are limited to their natureal capabilities. Genetic engineering has however, removed this limitation and genes from any organism can be transferred andexpressed into any other organisms.
Genetically Engineered Micro-organism: A large number of human genes encoding pharmaceutically valuable proteins have been cloned and expressed in micro-organisms. Initially E.coli was used as the host for obvious reasons of ease in cloning. But yeast is fast becoming the host of choice for production of recombinant proteins. Several of the recombinant proteins, used for treatment of diabetes dwarfism cancer interferons, interleukins granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factors thromosis and AIDS.
Animal Cell Culture: More recently, cultured animal cells have been preferred for the expression of human genes encoding pharmaceutically valuable proteins. Some of these proteins have already been approved for therapeutic use tissue plasminogen activator erythroprotein and blood clotting factors the last two of the proteins have been approved for marketing in India.
Transgenic Plants: Plants are highly desirable in many of ways of commercial production of proteins of value. A large number of transgens encoding pharmaceutically valuable proteins have been expressed in plants. There is at least one example of commercial production of a recombinant proteins, hirudin, encoded by synthetic gene expressed in Brassica napus.
Advantage: Production or recombinant proteins of pharmaceutical value in microorganisms cultured animal cells or plants offers several important advantages over their conventional routes of productions.
Micro-organism: A large number or pharmaceuticals originate from microorganisms they range from whole micro organism through biomass used as food supplements to a variety for highly valuable compounds like antibiotics, vitamins, enzymes, organic acids etc.
Plant Cell cultures: Some biochemicals of pharmaceutical value are produced by cultured plant cells e.g shikonin, berberine, ginseng biomass and taxol.
Animal cell culture: Cultured animal cells are the source of several compounds used in treatment of diseases e.g angiogenic factor, interlukin interferon.
Products from Recombinant Organisms: The product is obtained from nonrecombinant organisms are limited to their natureal capabilities. Genetic engineering has however, removed this limitation and genes from any organism can be transferred andexpressed into any other organisms.
Genetically Engineered Micro-organism: A large number of human genes encoding pharmaceutically valuable proteins have been cloned and expressed in micro-organisms. Initially E.coli was used as the host for obvious reasons of ease in cloning. But yeast is fast becoming the host of choice for production of recombinant proteins. Several of the recombinant proteins, used for treatment of diabetes dwarfism cancer interferons, interleukins granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factors thromosis and AIDS.
Animal Cell Culture: More recently, cultured animal cells have been preferred for the expression of human genes encoding pharmaceutically valuable proteins. Some of these proteins have already been approved for therapeutic use tissue plasminogen activator erythroprotein and blood clotting factors the last two of the proteins have been approved for marketing in India.
Transgenic Plants: Plants are highly desirable in many of ways of commercial production of proteins of value. A large number of transgens encoding pharmaceutically valuable proteins have been expressed in plants. There is at least one example of commercial production of a recombinant proteins, hirudin, encoded by synthetic gene expressed in Brassica napus.
Advantage: Production or recombinant proteins of pharmaceutical value in microorganisms cultured animal cells or plants offers several important advantages over their conventional routes of productions.
