"The mechanism which caused the crust that had been altered by seawater to sink into the Mantle functioned over 3.3 billion years ago. This means that a global cycle of matter, which underpins modern plate tectonics, was established within the first billion of the Earth's existence, and the excess water in the transition zone of the mantle came from the ancient Ocean on the planet's surface," said project leader and co-author of the...

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